quanscient
Module This is the python binding for the 'PYSIMCORE' c++ library.
Functions
abs
def abs( input: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns an expression that is the absolute value of the input expression.
Example
>>> expr = abs(-2.5)
>>> expr.print();
Expression size is 1x1
@ row 0, col 0 :
2.5
acos
def acos( input: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns an expression that is the or of input. The output expression is in radians
.
Example
>>> expr = acos(0)
>>> expr.print(); # in radians
Expression size is 1x1
@ row 0, col 0 :
1.5708
>>>
>>> (expr * 180/getpi()).print(); # in degrees
Expression size is 1x1
@ row 0, col 0 :
90
See Also
sin()
, cos()
, tan()
, asin()
, atan()
adapt
def adapt( verbosity: int = 0 ) ‑> bool
This function is used to perform a h/p/hp adaptation according to the defined h/p/hp adaptivity settings. To define the h-adaptivity use function mesh.setadaptivity()
. To define a p-adaptivity for a field use function field.setorder()
.
The function returns True if the mesh or any field order was changed by the adaption and returns False if no changes were made.
Example
>>> all = 1
>>> q = shape("quadrangle", all, [0,0,0, 1,0,0, 1.2,1,0, 0,1,0], [5,5,5,5])
>>> mymesh = mesh([q])
>>> x = field("x"); y = field("y")
>>> criterion = 1 + sin(10*x)*sin(10*y)
>>>
>>> mymesh.setadaptivity(criterion, 0, 5)
>>>
>>> for i in range(5):
... criterion.write(all, f"criterion_{100+i}.vtk", 1)
... adapt(1)
See Also
mesh.setadaptivity()
, field.setorder()
, alladapt()
alladapt
def alladapt( verbosity: int = 0 ) ‑> bool
This is a collective MPI operation and hence must be called by all ranks. It replaces the adapt()
function in the DDM framework.
Example
>>> ...
>>> alladapt()
See Also
allcomputecohomology
def allcomputecohomology( meshfile: str, physregstocut: List[int], subdomains: List[int] = [] ) ‑> List[int]
allcomputesparameters
def allcomputesparameters( portsphysregs: List[int], E: field, Esources: List[expression], Esols: List[vec], integrationorder: int = 5 ) ‑> List[List[float]]
allfinalize
def allfinalize() ‑> None
allgather
def allgather( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
allinitialize
def allinitialize( verbosity: int = 1 ) ‑> None
allintegrate
def allintegrate( physreg: int, expr: expression, integrationorder: int ) ‑> float
allmeasuredistance
def allmeasuredistance( a: vec, b: vec, c: vec ) ‑> float
allpartition
def allpartition( meshfile: str, skinphysreg: int = -1 ) ‑> str
This is a collective MPI operation and hence must be called by all ranks. This function partitions the requested mesh into a number of parts equal to the number of ranks. All parts are saved to disk and the part file name for each rank is returned. The GMSH API must be available to partition into more than one part. A physical region containing the global skin can be created with the last argument.
This function will be deprecated. Use mesh.partition()
instead.
Example
>>> initialize()
>>> partfilename = allpartition("disk.msh")
>>> finalize()
allsolve
def allsolve( relrestol: float, maxnumit: int, nltol: float, maxnumnlit: int, relaxvalue: float, formuls: List[formulation], verbosity: int = 1 ) ‑> int
This is a collective MPI operation and hence must be called by all ranks. It solves across all the ranks a nonlinear problem with a fixed-point iteration.
Example
>>> ...
>>> allsolve(1e-8, 500, 1e-4, 1.0, [electrostatics])
See Also
andpositive
def andpositive( exprs: List[expression] ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns an expression whose value is 1 for all evaluation points where the value of all the input expressions is larger or equal to zero. Otherwise, its value is -1.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> x=field("x"); y=field("y"); z=field("z")
>>> expr = andpositive([x,y]) # At points, where x>=0 and y>=0, value is 1, otherwise -1.
>>> expr.write(vol, "andpositive.vtk", 1)
See Also
array1x1
def array1x1( arg0: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This defines a vector or matrix operation of size . The array is populated in a row-major way.
Parameters
arg0
: expression
: term11
Example
>>> myarray = array1x1(1)
array1x2
def array1x2( arg0: expression, arg1: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This defines a vector or matrix operation of size . The array is populated in a row-major way.
Parameters
arg0
: expression
: term11
arg1
: expression
: term12
Example
>>> myarray = array1x2(1,2)
array1x3
def array1x3( arg0: expression, arg1: expression, arg2: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This defines a vector or matrix operation of size . The array is populated in a row-major way.
Parameters
arg0
: expression
: term11
arg1
: expression
: term12
arg2
: expression
: term13
Example
>>> myarray = array1x3(1,2,3)
array2x1
def array2x1( arg0: expression, arg1: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This defines a vector or matrix operation of size . The array is populated in a row-major way.
Parameters
arg0
: expression
: term11
arg1
: expression
: term21
Example
>>> myarray = array2x1(1, 2)
array2x2
def array2x2( arg0: expression, arg1: expression, arg2: expression, arg3: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This defines a vector or matrix operation of size . The array is populated in a row-major way.
Parameters
arg0
: expression
: term11
arg1
: expression
: term12
arg2
: expression
: term21
arg3
: expression
: term22
Example
>>> myarray = array2x2(1,2, 3,4)
array2x3
def array2x3( arg0: expression, arg1: expression, arg2: expression, arg3: expression, arg4: expression, arg5: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This defines a vector or matrix operation of size . The array is populated in a row-major way.
Parameters
arg0
: expression
: term11
arg1
: expression
: term12
arg2
: expression
: term13
arg3
: expression
: term21
arg4
: expression
: term22
arg5
: expression
: term23
Example
>>> myarray = array2x3(1,2,3, 4,5,6)
array3x1
def array3x1( arg0: expression, arg1: expression, arg2: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This defines a vector or matrix operation of size . The array is populated in a row-major way.
Parameters
arg0
: expression
: term11
arg1
: expression
: term21
arg2
: expression
: term31
Example
>>> myarray = array3x1(1, 2, 3)
array3x2
def array3x2( arg0: expression, arg1: expression, arg2: expression, arg3: expression, arg4: expression, arg5: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This defines a vector or matrix operation of size . The array is populated in a row-major way.
Parameters
arg0
: expression
: term11
arg1
: expression
: term12
arg2
: expression
: term21
arg3
: expression
: term22
arg4
: expression
: term31
arg5
: expression
: term32
Example
>>> myarray = array3x2(1,2, 3,4, 5,6)
array3x3
def array3x3( arg0: expression, arg1: expression, arg2: expression, arg3: expression, arg4: expression, arg5: expression, arg6: expression, arg7: expression, arg8: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This defines a vector or matrix operation of size . The array is populated in a row-major way.
Parameters
arg0
: expression
: term11
arg1
: expression
: term12
arg2
: expression
: term13
arg3
: expression
: term21
arg4
: expression
: term22
arg5
: expression
: term23
arg6
: expression
: term31
arg7
: expression
: term32
arg8
: expression
: term33
Example
>>> myarray = array3x3(1,2,3, 4,5,6, 7,8,9)
asin
def asin( input: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns an expression that is the or of input. The output expression is in radians
.
Example
>>> expr = asin(sqrt(0.5))
>>> expr.print(); # in radians
Expression size is 1x1
@ row 0, col 0 :
0.785398
>>>
>>> (expr * 180/getpi()).print(); # in degrees
Expression size is 1x1
@ row 0, col 0 :
45
See Also
sin()
, cos()
, tan()
, acos()
, atan()
atan
def atan( input: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns an expression that is the or of input. The output expression is in radians
.
Example
>>> expr = atan(0.57735)
>>> expr.print(); # in radians
Expression size is 1x1
@ row 0, col 0 :
0.523599
>>>
>>> (expr * 180/getpi()).print(); # in degrees
Expression size is 1x1
@ row 0, col 0 :
30
See Also
sin()
, cos()
, tan()
, asin()
, acos()
barrier
def barrier() ‑> None
This is a collective MPI operation (must be called by all ranks). Processing will be waiting until all ranks have reached this call.
Example
>>> import quanscient as qs
>>> qs.barrier()
Notes
If this function is not called by all the ranks, then the other ranks that call barrier()
will wait indefinitely.
broadcast
def broadcast( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
cn
def cn( n: float ) ‑> quanscient.expression
comp
def comp( selectedcomp: int, input: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns the selected component of a column vector expression. For a column vector expression, selectedcomp
is 0 for the first, 1 for the second component and 2 for the third component respectively. For a matrix expression, the whole corresponding row is returned in the form of an expression. Thus, if selectedcomp
, for example is 5, then an expression containing the entries of the fifth row of the matrix is returned.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> u.setvalue(vol, array3x1(10,20,30))
>>> vecexpr = 2*(u+u)
>>> comp(0, vecexpr).write(vol, "comp.vtk", 1)
See Also
complexdivision
def complexdivision( a: List[expression], b: List[expression] ) ‑> List[quanscient.expression]
complexinverse
def complexinverse( a: List[expression] ) ‑> List[quanscient.expression]
complexproduct
def complexproduct( a: List[expression], b: List[expression] ) ‑> List[quanscient.expression]
compx
def compx( input: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns the first or x
component of a column vector expression. For a matrix expression, an expression containing the entries of the first row of the matrix is returned. This is equivalent to setting selectedcomp=0
in comp()
.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> u.setvalue(vol, array3x1(10,20,30))
>>> vecexpr = 2*(u+u)
>>> compx(vecexpr).write(vol, "compx.vtk", 1)
See Also
compy
def compy( input: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns the second or y
component of a column vector expression. For a matrix expression, an expression containing the entries of the second row of the matrix is returned. This is equivalent to setting selectedcomp=1
in comp()
.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> u.setvalue(vol, array3x1(10,20,30))
>>> vecexpr = 2*(u+u)
>>> compx(vecexpr).write(vol, "compx.vtk", 1)
See Also
compz
def compz( input: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns the third or z
component of a column vector expression. For a matrix expression, an expression containing the entries of the third row of the matrix is returned. This is equivalent to setting selectedcomp=2
in comp()
.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> u.setvalue(vol, array3x1(10,20,30))
>>> vecexpr = 2*(u+u)
>>> compx(vecexpr).write(vol, "compx.vtk", 1)
See Also
continuitycondition
def continuitycondition( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> List[quanscient.integration]
This returns the formulation terms required to enforce field continuity.
Examples
Example 1: continuitycondition(gamma1:int, gamma2:int. u1:field, u2:field, errorifnotfound:true)
>>> ...
>>> u1 = field("h1xyz")
>>> u2 = field("h1xyz")
>>>
>>> elasticity = formulation()
>>> ...
>>> elasticity += continuitycondition(gamma1, gamma2, u1, u2)
This returns the formulation terms required to enforce between boundary region and (with , meshes can be non-matching). In case is larger than () the boolean flag must be set to false.
Example 2: continuitycondition(gamma:int, gamma2:int, u1:field, u2:field, rotcent:List[double], rotangz:double, angzmod:double, factor:double)
>>> ...
>>> # Rotor-stator interface
>>> rotorside=11; statorside=12
>>> ...
>>> # Rotor rotation around z axis
>>> alpha = 30.0
>>> ...
>>> az = field("h1")
>>> ...
>>> magentostatics = formulation()
>>> ...
>>> magnetostatics += continuitycondition(statorside, rotorside, az, az, [0,0,0], alpha, 45.0, -1.0)
This returns the formulation terms required to enforce field continuity across an degrees slice of a rotor-stator interface where the rotor geometry is rotated by around the axis with rotation center at . This situation arises for example in electric motor simulations when (anti)periodicity can be considered and thus only a slice of the entire 360 degrees needs to be simulated. Use a factor of for antiperiodicity. Boundary is the rotor-stator interface on the (non-moving) stator side while the boundary is the interface on the rotor side. In the unrotated position the bottom boundary of the stator and rotor slice must be aligned with the axis.
The condition is based on a Lagrange multiplier of the same type and the same harmonic content as the field and . The mortar finite element method is used to link the unknown field on and so that there is no restriction on the mesh used for both regions.
See Also
cos
def cos( input: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns an expression that is the of input. The input expression is in radians
.
Example
>>> expr = cos(getpi())
>>> expr.print()
Expression size is 1x1
@ row 0, col 0 :
-1
>>>
>>> expr = cos(1)
>>> expr.print()
Expression size is 1x1
@ row 0, col 0 :
0.540302
See Also
sin()
, tan()
, asin()
, acos()
, atan()
count
def count() ‑> int
This returns the number of processes in the universe.
Example
>>> import quanscient as qs
>>> numranks = qs.count()
See Also
crossproduct
def crossproduct( a: expression, b: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This computes the cross-product of two vector expressions. The returned expression is a vector.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; top=3
>>> E = field("hcurl")
>>> n = normal(vol)
>>> cp = crossproduct(E, n)
curl
def curl( input: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This computes the curl of a vector expression. The returned expression is a vector.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 1);
>>> curl(u).write(vol, "curlu.vtk", 1)
See Also
d
def d( expr: expression, var: expression, flds: List[field], deltas: List[expression] ) ‑> quanscient.expression
dbtoneper
def dbtoneper( toconvert: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This converts a value to .
Parameters
toconvert
: expression
: expression value in units.
Example
>>> neperattenuation = dbtoneper(100.0)
determinant
def determinant( input: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns the determinant of a square matrix.
Example
>>> matexpr = expression(3,3, [1,2,3, 6,5,4, 8,9,7])
>>> detmat = determinant(matexpr)
>>> detmat.print()
Expression size is 1x1
@ row 0, col 0 :
21
See Also
detjac
def detjac() ‑> quanscient.expression
div
def div( input: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This computes the divergence of a vector expression. The returned expression is a scalar.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 1);
>>> div(u).write(vol, "divu.vtk", 1)
See Also
dof
def dof( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This declares an unknown field (dof for degree of freedom). The dofs are defined only on the region physreg
which when not provided is set to the element integration region.
Examples
Example 1: dof(input:expression)
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
Example 2: dof(input:expression, physreg:int)
>>> ...
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v, vol)*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
See Also
doubledotproduct
def doubledotproduct( a: expression, b: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This computes the double-dot product of two matrix expressions. The returned expression is a scalar.
Example
>>> a = array2x2(1,2, 3,4)
>>> b = array2x2(11,12, 13, 14)
>>> addotb = doubledotproduct(a, b)
>>> addotb.print()
Expression size is 1x1
@ row 0, col 0 :
130
dt
def dt( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns the first-order time derivative expression.
Examples
Example 1: dt(input:expression)
>>> ...
>>> setfundamentalfrequency(50)
>>> vmh = field("h1", [2,3])
>>> vmh.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> dt(vmh).write(vol, "dtv.vtk", 1)
Example 2: dt(input:expression, initdt:double, initdtdt)
This gives the transient approximation of the first-order time derivative of a space-independent expression. The initial values must be provided when using generalized alpha (genalpha
) and are ignored otherwise.
>>> ...
>>> dtapprox = dt(t()*t(), 0, 2)
See Also
dtdt
def dtdt( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns the second-order time derivative expression.
Examples
Example 1: dtdt(input:expression)
>>> ...
>>> setfundamentalfrequency(50)
>>> vmh = field("h1", [2,3])
>>> vmh.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> dtdt(vmh).write(vol, "dtdtv.vtk", 1)
Example 2: dtdt(input:expression, initdt:double, initdtdt:double)
This gives the transient approximation of the second-order time derivative of a space-independent expression. The initial values must be provided when using generalized alpha (genalpha
) and are ignored otherwise.
>>> ...
>>> dtapprox = dtdt(t()*t(), 0, 2)
See Also
dtdtdt
def dtdtdt( input: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns the third-order time derivative expression.
Example
>>> ...
>>> setfundamentalfrequency(50)
>>> vmh = field("h1", [2,3])
>>> vmh.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> dtdtdt(vmh).write(vol, "dtdtdtv.vtk", 1)
See Also
dtdtdtdt
def dtdtdtdt( input: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns the fourth-order time derivative expression.
Example
>>> ...
>>> setfundamentalfrequency(50)
>>> vmh = field("h1", [2,3])
>>> vmh.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> dtdtdtdt(vmh).write(vol, "dtdtdtdtv.vtk", 1)
See Also
dx
def dx( input: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns the space derivative expression.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> dx(v).write(vol, "dxv.vtk", 1)
See Also
dy
def dy( input: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns the space derivative expression.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> dy(v).write(vol, "dyv.vtk", 1)
See Also
dz
def dz( input: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns the space derivative expression.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> dz(v).write(vol, "dzv.vtk", 1)
See Also
eigenport
def eigenport( portphysreg: int, modetype: str, numeigenvalues: int, targetneffc: float, E: field, mu: expression, eps: expression, ddmrelrestol: float, ddmmaxnumit: int, eigentol: float = 1e-06, eigenmaxnumits: int = 1000, integrationorder: int = 5, verbosity: int = 1 ) ‑> List[Tuple[quanscient.expression, quanscient.expression]]
elasticwavespeed
def elasticwavespeed( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> List[quanscient.expression]
elementwiseproduct
def elementwiseproduct( a: expression, b: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This computes the element-wise product of two matrix expressions. The returned expression has the same size as the two input expressions.
Example
>>> a = array2x2(1,2, 3,4)
>>> b = array2x2(11,12, 13, 14)
>>> aelwb = elementwiseproduct(a, b)
>>> aelwb.print()
Expression size is 2x2
@ row 0, col 0 :
11
@ row 0, col 1 :
24
@ row 1, col 0 :
39
@ row 1, col 1 :
56
emwavespeed
def emwavespeed( mur: expression, epsr: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
entry
def entry( row: int, col: int, input: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This gets the (row, col)
entry in the vector or matrix expression.
Parameters
row
: int
: Row from which the entry is requested.
col
: int
: Column from which the entry is requested.
input
: expression
: Vector or matrix input expression.
Example
>>> u = array3x2(1,2, 3,4, 5,6)
>>> arrayentry_row2col0 = entry(2, 0, u) # entry from third row (index=2), first column (index=0)
>>> arrayentry_row2col0.print()
Expression size is 1x1
@ row 0, col 0 :
5
evaluate
def evaluate( toevaluate: expression ) ‑> List[float]
exchange
def exchange( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
exp
def exp( input: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns an exponential function of base .
Example
>>> expr = exp(2)
>>> expr.print()
Expression size is 1x1
@ row 0, col 0 :
7.38906
eye
def eye( size: int ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns a size x size
identity matrix
Parameters
size
: int
: Size of the identity matrix.
Example
>>> II = eye(2)
>>> II.print()
Expression size is 2x2
@ row 0, col 0 :
1
@ row 0, col 1 :
0
@ row 1, col 0 :
0
@ row 1, col 1 :
1
fieldorder
def fieldorder( input: field, alpha: float = -1.0, absthres: float = 0.0 ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns an expression whose value is the interpolation order on each element for the provided field. The value is a constant on each element. When argument is set, the value returned is the lowest order required to include of the total shape function coefficient weight. An additional optional argument can be set to provide a minimum total weight below which the lowest possible field order is returned.
Parameters
input
: field
: The field object whose interpolation order is requested.
alpha
: double
:
absthres
: double
:
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1; sur = 2; top = 3
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 2)
>>> fo = fieldorder(v)
>>> fo.write(vol, "fieldorder.vtk", 1)
finalize
def finalize() ‑> None
gather
def gather( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
getcirculationports
def getcirculationports( harmonicnumbers: List[int] = [] ) ‑> Tuple[List[quanscient.port], List[quanscient.expression]]
getcirculationsources
def getcirculationsources( circulations: List[expression], inittimederivatives: List[List[float]] = [] ) ‑> List[quanscient.expression]
getdimension
def getdimension( physreg: int ) ‑> int
This returns the x, y and z mesh dimensions.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> dims = mymesh.getdimensions()
getepsilon0
def getepsilon0() ‑> float
Returns the value of vacuum permittivity .
Example
>>> eps0 = getepsilon0()
8.854187812813e-12
getextrusiondata
def getextrusiondata() ‑> List[quanscient.expression]
This gives the relative depth in the extruded layer, the extrusion normal and tangents and . This is useful when creating Perfectly Matched Layers (PMLs).
Example
We use the disk.msh
for the example here.
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3; circle=4 # physical regions defined in disk.msh
>>> mymesh = mesh()
>>>
>>> # predefine extrusion
>>> volextruded=5; bndextruded=6; # physical regions that will be utilized in extrusion
>>> mymesh.extrude(volextruded, bndextruded, sur, [0.1,0.05])
>>> mymesh.load("disk.msh") # extrusion is performed when the mesh is loaded.
>>> mymesh.write("diskpml.msh")
>>> pmldata = getextrusiondata()
See Also
getharmonic
def getharmonic( harmnum: int, input: expression, numfftharms: int = -1 ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns a single harmonic from a multi-harmonic expression. Set a positive last argument to use an FFT to compute the harmonic. The returned expression is on harmonic 1.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3
>>> v = field("h1", [2])
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> v.harmonic(2).setvalue(vol, 1)
>>> constcomp = getharmonic(1, abs(v), 10)
>>> constcomp.write(vol, "constcomp.pos", 1)
getmaxnumthreads
def getmaxnumthreads() ‑> int
Returns the maximum number of threads allowed.
Example
>>> setmaxnumthreads(2)
>>> mnt = getmaxnumthreads()
2
See Also
getmu0
def getmu0() ‑> float
Returns the value of vacuum permeability .
Example
>>> mu0 = getmu0()
1.2566370621219e-06
getpi
def getpi() ‑> float
Returns value of .
Example
>>> pi = getpi()
3.141592653589793
getrandom
def getrandom() ‑> float
Returns a random value uniformly distributed between 0.0 and 1.0.
Example
>>> rnd = getrandom()
getrank
def getrank() ‑> int
This returns the rank of the current process.
Example
>>> import quanscient as qs
>>> rank = qs.getrank()
See Also
getsstkomegamodelconstants
def getsstkomegamodelconstants() ‑> List[float]
getsubversion
def getsubversion() ‑> int
gettime
def gettime() ‑> float
This gets the value of the time variable t.
Example
>>> settime(1e-3)
>>> gettime()
0.001
See Also
gettotalforce
def gettotalforce( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> List[float]
This returns the components of the total magnetostatic/electrostatic force acting on a given region. In the axisymmetric case zero and components are returned and the component includes a factor to provide the force acting on the corresponding 3D shape. Units are " per unit depth" in 2D and in 3D and 2D axisymmetry.
Examples
Example 1: gettotalforce(physreg:int, EorH:expression, epsilonormu:expression, extraintegrationorder:int=0)
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> phi = field("h1")
>>> phi.setorder(vol, 2)
>>>
>>> mu0 = 4 * getpi() * 1e-7
>>> mu = parameter()
>>> mu.setvalue(vol, mu0)
>>> totalforce = gettotalforce(vol, -grad(phi), mu)
Example 2: gettotalforce(physreg:int, meshdeform:expression, EorH:expression, epsilonormu:expression, extraintegrationorder:int=0)
This is similar to the above function but the total force is computed on the mesh deformed by the field u
.
>>> ...
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> totalforce = gettotalforce(vol, u, -grad(phi), mu)
See Also
getturbulentpropertiessstkomegamodel
def getturbulentpropertiessstkomegamodel( v: expression, rho: expression, viscosity: expression, walldistance: expression, kp: expression, omegap: expression, logomega: expression ) ‑> List[quanscient.expression]
getversion
def getversion() ‑> int
getversionname
def getversionname() ‑> str
getx
def getx() ‑> quanscient.field
Returns the coordinate.
Example
An expression for distance can be calculated as follows:
>>> x = getx()
>>> y = gety()
>>> z = getz()
>>> d = sqrt(x*x+y*y+z*z)
See Also
gety
def gety() ‑> quanscient.field
Returns the coordinate.
Example
In CFD applications, a parabolic inlet velocity profile can be prescribed as follows:
>>> y = gety() # y coordinate
>>> U = 0.3 # maximum velocity
>>> h = 0.41 # height of the domain
>>> u = 4*U*y(h-y)/(h*h) # parabolic inlet velocity profile expression
See Also
getz
def getz() ‑> quanscient.field
Returns the coordinate.
Example
An expression for distance can be calculated as follows:
>>> x = getx()
>>> y = gety()
>>> z = getz()
>>> d = sqrt(x*x+y*y+z*z)
See Also
grad
def grad( input: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
For a scalar input expression, this is mathematically treated as the gradient of a scalar () and the output is a column vector with one entry per space derivative. For a vector input expression, this is mathematically treated as the gradient of a vector () and the output has one row per component of the input and one column per space derivative.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1);
>>> grad(v).write(vol, "gradv.vtk", 1)
See Also
greenlagrangestrain
def greenlagrangestrain( input: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This defines the (nonlinear) Green-Lagrange strains in Voigt form . The input can either be the displacement field or its gradient.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> glstrain = greenlagrangestrain(u)
>>> glstrain.print()
grouptimesteps
def grouptimesteps( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This writes a .pvd ParaView file to group a set of .vtu files that are time solutions at the time values provided in timevals
.
Examples
Example 1: grouptimesteps(filename::str, filestogroup:List[str], timevals:List[double])
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> v.write(vol, "v1.vtu", 1)
>>> v.write(vol, "v2.vtu", 1)
>>> grouptimesteps("v.pvd", ["v1.vtu", "v2.vtu"], [0.0, 10.0])
Example 2: grouptimesteps(filename::str, fielprefix:str, timevals:List[double])
This is similar to the previous function except that the full list of file names to group does not have to be provided. The file names are constructed from the file prefix with an appended integer starting from 'firstint' by steps of 1. The filenames are ended with .vtu.
>>> ...
>>> grouptimesteps("v.pvd", "v", [0.0, 10.0])
harm
def harm( harmnum: int, input: expression, numfftharms: int = -1 ) ‑> quanscient.expression
ifpositive
def ifpositive( condexpr: expression, trueexpr: expression, falseexpr: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns a conditional expression. The expression value is trueexpr
for all evaluation points where condexpr
is larger or equal to zero. Otherwise, its value is falseexpr
.
Parameters
condexpr
: expression
: Expression that specifies the conditional argument.
trueexpr
: expression
: Expression value at points where condexpr
evaluates to True.
falseexpr
: expression
: Expression value at points where condexpr
evaluates to False.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1
>>> x=field("x"); y=field("y"); z=field("z")
>>> expr = ifpositive(x+y, 1, -1) # At points, where x+y>=0, value is 1, otherwise -1.
>>> expr.write(vol, "ifpositive.vtk", 1)
See Also
initialize
def initialize() ‑> None
initializelogs
def initializelogs( format: logformat ) ‑> None
INTERNAL -- do not call in script
Initializes the structured logging system
Parameters
format
: logformat
: Format for the logs. One of logformat.plain
or logformat.json
Raises
None
insertrank
def insertrank( name: str ) ‑> str
integral
def integral( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> quanscient.integration
inverse
def inverse( input: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns the inverse of a square matrix.
Example
>>> matexpr = array2x2(1,2, 3,4)
>>> invmat = inverse(matexpr)
>>> invmat.print()
Expression size is 2x2
@ row 0, col 0 :
-2
@ row 0, col 1 :
1
@ row 1, col 0 :
1.5
@ row 1, col 1 :
-0.5
>>>
>>> matexpr = expression(3,3, [1,2,3, 6,5,4, 8,9,7])
>>> invmat = inverse(matexpr)
See Also
invjac
def invjac( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> quanscient.expression
isavailable
def isavailable() ‑> bool
isdefined
def isdefined( physreg: int ) ‑> bool
This checks if a physical region is defined.
Parameters
physreg
: int
: Physical region identifier.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3; circle=4;
>>> isdefined(sur) # returns True as the physical region sur=2 is defined
True
>>>
>>> isdefined(5) # returns False as the mesh loaded has no physical region 5
>>> False
See Also
isempty()
, isinside()
, istouching()
isempty
def isempty( physreg: int ) ‑> bool
This checks if a physical region is empty.
Parameters
physreg
: int
: Physical region identifier.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3; circle=4;
>>> isempty(sur)
False
See Also
isdefined()
, isinside()
, istouching()
isinside
def isinside( physregtocheck: int, physreg: int ) ‑> bool
This checks if a physical region is fully included in another region.
Parameters
physregtocheck
: int
: Physical region to check.
physreg
: int
: Physical region with which physregtocheck
is checked.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3; circle=4;
>>> isinside(sur, vol)
True
>>>
>>> isinside(vol, sur)
False
See Also
isdefined()
, isempty()
, istouching()
istouching
def istouching( physregtocheck: int, physreg: int ) ‑> bool
This checks if a region is touching another region.
Parameters
physregtocheck
: int
: Physical region to check.
physreg
: int
: Physical region with which physregtocheck
is checked.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3; circle=4;
>>> istouching(sur, top)
True
See Also
isdefined()
, isempty()
, isinside()
jac
def jac( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> quanscient.expression
linspace
def linspace( a: float, b: float, num: int ) ‑> List[float]
This gives a vector of num
equally spaced values from a
to b
. The space between each values is calculated as:
Example
>>> vals = linspace(0.5, 2.5, 5)
>>> printvector(vals)
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
See Also
loadshape
def loadshape( meshfile: str ) ‑> List[List[quanscient.shape]]
This function loads a mesh file to shapes. The output holds a shape for every physical region of dimension d (0D, 1D, 2D, 3D) defined in the mesh file. The loaded shapes can be edited (extruded, deformed, ...) and grouped with other shapes to create a new mesh. Note that the usage of loaded shapes might be more limited than other shapes.
Example
>>> diskshapes = loadshape("disk.msh")
>>>
>>> # Add a thin slice on top of the disk (diskshapes[2][1] is the top face of the disk)
>>> thinslice = diskshapes[2][1].extrude(5, 0.02, 2)
>>>
>>> mymesh = mesh([diskshapes[2][0], diskshapes[2][1], diskshapes[3][0], thinslice])
>>> mymesh.write("editeddisk.msh")
loadvector
def loadvector( filename: str, delimiter: str = ',', sizeincluded: bool = False ) ‑> List[float]
This loads from a file a list/vector. The delimiter
specfies the character separating each entry in the file. The sizeincluded
must be set to True
if the first number in the file is list/vector length integer.
Parameters
filename
: str
: The name of the file containing the entries of a list/vector.
delimiter
: str
, default=','
: Character separating each entry of the list/vector when writing to a file. E.g ',' or '\n'.
sizeincluded
: bool
, default=False
: Must be set to True
if the first number in the file is list/vector length integer.
Example
>>> v = [2.4, 3.14, -0.1]
>>> writevector("vecvals.txt", v, '\n', True)
>>> vloaded = loadvector("vecvals.txt", \n', True)
>>> vloaded
[2.4, 3.14, -0.1]
See Also
log
def log( input: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns an expression that is the natural logarithm of the input expression.
Example
>>> expr = log(2);
>>> expr.print()
Expression size is 1x1
@ row 0, col 0 :
0.693147
logspace
def logspace( a: float, b: float, num: int, basis: float = 10.0 ) ‑> List[float]
This returns the basis
to the power of each of the num
values in the linspace.
Example
>>> vals = logspace(1, 3, 3) # resulting linspace: 1, 2, 3
>>> printvector(vals) # 10^1, 10^2, 10^3
10 100 1000
See Also
makeharmonic
def makeharmonic( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> quanscient.expression
max
def max( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns an expression whose value is the maximum of the two input arguments.
Parameters
a
: expression/field/parameter
: First of the two input arguments.
b
: expression/field/parameter
: Second of the two input arguments.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> x=field("x"); y=field("y"); z=field("z")
>>> max(x,y).write(vol, "max.pos", 1)
See Also
meshsize
def meshsize( integrationorder: int ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns an expression whose value is the length/area/volume for each 1D/2D/3D mesh element respectively. The value is constant on each mesh element.
Parameters
integrationorder
: int
: Determines the accuracy of mesh size calculated. Higher the number, the better the accuracy. Integration order can be negative.
Raises
RuntimeError
: If integration order < .
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1; sur = 2; top = 3
>>> h = meshsize(0)
>>> h.write(top, "meshsize.vtk", 1)
min
def min( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns an expression whose value is the minimum of the two input arguments.
Parameters
a
: expression/field/parameter
: First of the two input arguments.
b
: expression/field/parameter
: Second of the two input arguments.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> x=field("x"); y=field("y"); z=field("z")
>>> min(x,y).write(vol, "min.pos", 1)
See Also
mod
def mod( input: expression, modval: float ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This is a modulo function. This returns an expression equal to the remainder resulting from the division of input
by modval
.
Example
>>> expr = mod(10, 9)
>>> expr.print()
Expression size is 1x1
@ row 0, col 0 :
1
>>> expr = mod(99, 100)
>>> expr.print()
Expression size is 1x1
@ row 0, col 0 :
99
>>> expr = mod(2.55, 0.6)
>>> expr.print()
Expression size is 1x1
@ row 0, col 0 :
0.15
moveharmonic
def moveharmonic( origharms: List[int], destharms: List[int], input: expression, numfftharms: int = -1 ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns an expression equal to the input expression with a selected and moved harmonic content. Set a positive last argument to use an FFT to compute the harmonics of the input expression.
Example
>>> ...
>>> movedharm = moveharmonic([1,2], [5,3], 11+v)
>>> movedharm.write("vol", "movedharm.pos", 1)
norm
def norm( arg0: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This gives the norm of an expression input.
Example
>>> myvector = array3x1(1,2,3)
>>> normL2 = norm(myvector)
>>> normL2.print()
Expression size is 1x1
@ row 0, col 0 :
3.74166
normal
def normal( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This defines a normal vector with unit norm. If a physical region is provided as an argument then the normal points out of it. if no physical region is provided then the normal can be flipped depending on the element orientation in the mesh.
Examples
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3 # physical regions
>>> normal(vol).write(sur, "normal.vtk", 1)
on
def on( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This function allows to use fields, unknown dof fields or general expressions across physical regions with possibly non- matching meshes by evaluating the expression argument using a (x, y, z) coordinate interpolation. It makes it straightforward to setup the mortar finite element method to enforce general relations, such as field equality , at the interface of non-matching meshes. This can for example be achieved with a Lagrange multiplier such that
holds for any appropriate field , and . The example below illustrates the formulation terms needed to implement the Lagrange multiplier between interfaces and .
Examples
Example 1: on(physreg:int, expr:expression, errorifnotfound:bool=True)
physreg
is the physical region across which the expression expr
is evaluated. The expr
argument can be fields or dof fields or any general expressions.
>>> ...
>>> u1=field("h1xyz"); u2=field("h1xyz"); lambda=field("h1xyz")
>>> ...
>>> elasticity = formulation()
>>> ...
>>> elasticity += integral(gamma1, dof(lambda)*tf(u1) )
>>> elasticity += integral(gamma2, -on(gamma1, dof(lambda)) * tf(u2) )
>>> elasticity += integral(gamma1, (dof(u1) - on(gamma2, dof(u2)))*tf(lambda) )
When setting the flag errorifnotfound=False
, any point in without a relative in (and vice versa) does not contribute to the assembled matrix. The default value is True for which an error is raised if a point in is without a relative in (and vice versa).
The case where there is no unknown dof term in the expression argument is described below:
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3
>>> x=field("x"); y=field("y"); z=field("z"); v=field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>> projection += integral(top, dof(v)*tf(v) - on(vol, dz(z))*tf(v))
>>> projection.solve()
>>> v.write(top, "dzz.pos", 1)
With the on function, the (x, y, z) coordinates corresponding to each Gauss point of the integral are first calculated then the dz(z) expression is evaluated through interpolation at these (x, y, z) coordinates on region vol. With on here dz(z) is correctly evaluated as because the z-derivative calculation is performed on the volume region vol. Without the on operator the z-derivative would be wrongly calculated on the top face of the disk (a plane perpendicular to the z-axis).
If a requested interpolation point cannot be found (because it is outside of physreg or because the interpolation algorithm fails to converge, as can happen on curved 3D elements) then an error occurs unless errorifnotfound
is set to False. In the latter case, the value returned at any non-found coordinate is zero, without raising an error.
Example 2: on(physreg:int, expr:coordshift, expr:expression, errorifnotfound:bool=True)
This is similar to the previous example but here the (x, y, z) coordinates at which to interpolate the expression are shifted by (x+compx(coordshift), y+compy(coordshift), z+compz(coordshift)).
>>> ...
>>> projection += integral(top, dof(v)*tf(v) - on(vol, array3x1(2*x,2*y,2*z), dz(z))*tf(v))
orpositive
def orpositive( exprs: List[expression] ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns an expression whose value is 1 for all evaluation points where at least one input expression has a value larger or equal to zero. Otherwise, its value is -1.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> x=field("x"); y=field("y"); z=field("z")
>>> expr = orpositive([x,y]) # At points, where x>=0 or y>=0, value is 1, otherwise -1.
>>> expr.write(vol, "orpositive.vtk", 1)
See Also
periodicitycondition
def periodicitycondition( gamma1: int, gamma2: int, u: field, dat1: List[float], dat2: List[float], factor: float, lagmultorder: int = 0 ) ‑> List[quanscient.integration]
This returns the formulation terms required to enforce on field a rotation or translation periodic condition between boundary region and (meshes can be non-conforming). A factor different than can be provided to scale the field on (use for antiperiodicity).
Example
>>> ...
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> ...
>>> elasticity = formulation()
>>> ...
>>> # In case gamma2 is gamma1 rotated by (ax, ay, az) degrees around first the x, then y and then z-axis.
>>> # Rotation center is (cx, cy, cz)
>>> cx=0; cy=0; cz=0
>>> ax=0; ay=0; az=60
>>>
>>> elasticity += periodicitycondition(gamma1, gamma2, u, [cx,cy,cz], [ax,ay,az], 1.0)
>>>
>>> # In case gamma2 is gamma1 translated by a distance d in direction (nx, ny, nz)
>>> d=0.8
>>> nx=1; ny=0; nz=0
>>> elasticity += peridocitycondition(gamma1, gamma2, u, [nx,ny,nz], [d], 1.0)
The condition is based on a Lagrange multiplier of the same type and the same harmonic content as the field and . The mortar finite element method is used to link the unknown field on and so that there is no restriction on the mesh used for both regions.
More advanced periodic conditions can be implemented easily using on()
function.
See Also
pow
def pow( base: expression, exponent: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This is a power function. This returns an expression equal to base
to the power exponent
:
Example
>>> expr = pow(2, 5)
>>> expr.print()
Expression size is 1x1
@ row 0, col 0 :
32
predefinedacousticradiation
def predefinedacousticradiation( dofp: expression, tfp: expression, soundspeed: expression, neperattenuation: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This function defines the equation for the Sommerfeld acoustic radiation condition
which forces the outgoing pressure waves at infinity: a pressure field of the form
propagating in the direction perpendicular to the truncation boundary indeed satisfies the Sommerfeld radiation condition since
Zero artificial wave reflection at the truncation boundary happens only if it is perpendicular to the outgoing waves. In practical applications however the truncation boundary is not at an infinite distance from the acoustic source and the wave amplitude is not constant and thus, some level of artificial reflection cannot be avoided. To minimize this effect the truncation boundary should be placed as far as possible from the acoustic source (at least a few wavelengths away).
An acoustic attenuation value can be provided (in ) in case of harmonic problems. For convenience use the function dbtoneper()
to convert attenuation values to .
Example
>>> ...
>>> acoustics += integral(sur, predefinedacousticradiation(dof(p), tf(p), 340, dbtoner(500)))
predefinedacousticstructureinteraction
def predefinedacousticstructureinteraction( dofp: expression, tfp: expression, dofu: expression, tfu: expression, soundspeed: expression, fluiddensity: expression, normal: expression, neperattenuation: expression, scaling: float = 1.0 ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This function defines the bi-directional coupling for acoustic-structure interaction at the medium interface. Field is the acoustic pressure and field is the mechanical displacement. Calling the normal to the interface pointing out of the solid region, the bi-directional coupling is obtained by adding the fluid pressure loading to the structure
as well as linking the structure acceleration to the fluid pressure normal derivative using Newton's law:
To have a good matrix conditioning a scaling factor (e.g ) can be provided. In this case, the pressure source is divided by and, to compensate, the pressure force is multiplied by . This leads to the correct membrane deflection but the pressure field is divided by the scaling factor.
An acoustic attenuation value can be provided (in ) in case of harmonic problems. For convenience use the function dbtoneper()
to convert attenuation values to .
Example
>>> ...
>>> u = field("h1xy", [2,3])
>>> u.setorder(sur, 2)
>>> acoustics += integral(left, predefinedacousticstructureinteraction(dof(p), tf(p), dof(u), tf(u), 340, 1.2, array2x1(1,0), dbtoneper(500), 1e10)
predefinedacousticwave
def predefinedacousticwave( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> List[Tuple[quanscient.expression, int, quanscient.preconditioner]]
This function defines the equation for (linear) acoustic wave propagation:
An acoustic attenuation value can be provided (in ) in case of harmonic problems. For convenience use the function dbtoneper()
to convert attenuation values to .
Parameters
dofp
: expression
: dof of the acoustic pressure field.
tfp
: expression
: test function of the acoustic pressure field.
soundspeed: speed of sound in . neperattenuation: attenuation in . pmlterms
: List[expression]
: List of pml terms.
precondtype
: str
: Type of precondition. The default is an empty string "".
Examples
Example 1: predefinedacousticwave(dofp:expression, tfp:expression, soundspeed:expression, neperattenuation:expression, precondtype:str="")
In the illustrative example below, a highly-attenuated acoustic wave propogation in a rectangular 2D box is simulated.
>>> sur=1; left=2; wall=3
>>> h=10e-3; l=50e-3
>>> q = shape("quadrangle", sur, [0,0,0, l,0,0, l,h,0, 0,h,0], [250,50,250,50])
>>> ll = q.getsons()[3]
>>> ll.setphysicalregion(left)
>>> lwall = shape("union", wall, [q.getsons()[0], q.getsons()[1], q.getsons()[2]])
>>>
>>> mymesh = mesh([q, ll, lwall])
>>>
>>> setfundamentalfrequency(40e3)
>>>
>>> # Wave propogation requires both the in-phase (2) and quadrature (3) harmonics:
>>> p=field("h1", [2,3]); y=field("y")
>>> p.setorder(sur, 2)
>>> # In-phase only pressure source
>>> p.harmonic(2).setconstraint(left, y*(h-y)/(h*h/4))
>>> p.harmonic(3).setconstraint(left, 0)
>>> p.setconstraint(wall)
>>>
>>> acoustics = formulation()
>>> acoustics += integral(sur, predefinedacousticwave(dof(p), tf(p), 340, dbtoneper(500)))
>>> acoustics.solve()
>>> p.write(sur, "p.vtu", 2)
>>>
>>> # Write 50 timesteps for a time visualization
>>> # p.write(sur, "p.vtu", 2, 50)
Example 2: predefinedacousticwave(dofp:expression, tfp:expression, soundspeed:expression, neperattenuation:expression, pmlterms:List[expression], precondtype:str="")
This is the same as the previous example but with PML boundary conditions.
>>> ...
>>> pmlterms = [detDr, detDi, Dr, Di, invDr, invDi]
>>> acoustics += integral(sur, predefinedacousticwave(dof(p), tf(p), 340, 0, pmlterms))
predefinedadvectiondiffusion
def predefinedadvectiondiffusion( doff: expression, tff: expression, v: expression, alpha: expression, beta: expression, gamma: expression, isdivvzero: bool = True ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This defines the weak formulation for the generalized advection-diffusion equation:
where is the scalar quantity of interest and is the velocity that the quantity is moving with. With and set to unit, the classical advection-diffusion equation with diffusivity tensor is obtained. Set isdivvzero
to True if is zero (for incompressible flows).
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> T = field("h1")
>>> v = field("h1xyz")
>>> T.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> advdiff = formulation()
>>> advdiff += integral(vol, predefinedadvectiondiffusion(dof(T), tf(T), v, 1e-4, 1.0, 1.0, True))
See Also
predefinedaml
def predefinedaml( c: expression, shifted: bool = False ) ‑> List[quanscient.expression]
predefinedboxpml
def predefinedboxpml( pmlreg: int, innerreg: int, c: expression, shifted: bool = False ) ‑> List[quanscient.expression]
This is a collective MPI operation and hence must be called by all the ranks. This function returns
where is the PML transformation matrix for a square box in a square box. A hyperbolic or shifted hyperbolic PML can be selected with the last argument.
Example
>>> ...
>>> k = 2*getpi()*freq/c # wave number
>>> Dterms = predefinedboxpml(pmlreg, innerreg, k)
predefineddiffusion
def predefineddiffusion( doff: expression, tff: expression, alpha: expression, beta: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This defines the weak formulation for the generalized diffusion equation:
where is the scalar quantity of interest. With set to unit, the classical diffusion equation with diffusivity tensor is obtained.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; top=3
>>>
>>> # Temperature field in [K]:
>>> T = field("h1")
>>> T.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> T.setconstraint(top, 298)
>>>
>>> # Material properties:
>>> k = 237.0 # thermal conductivity of aluminium [W/mK]
>>> cp = 897.0 # heat capacity of aluminium [J/kgK]
>>> rho = 2700 # density of aluminium [Kg/m^3]
>>>
>>> heatequation = formulation()
>>> heatequation += integral(vol, predefineddiffusion(dof(T), tf(T), k, rho*cp))
See Also
predefinedadvectiondiffusion()
predefinedelasticity
def predefinedelasticity( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This defines a classical linear elasticity formulation.
Examples
Example 1: predefinedelasticity(dofu:expression, tfu:expression, Eyoung:expression, nupoisson:Expression, myoption:str="")
This defines a classical linear isotropic elasticity formulation whose strong form is:
where,
- is the displacement field vector
- is the Cauchy stress tensor in Voigt notation
- is the strain tensor in Voigt notation
- is the order elasticity/stiffness tensor
- is the volumetric body force vector
- is the mass density
This is used when the material is isotropic. u is the mechanical displacement, Eyoung is the Young's modulus [Pa] and nupoisson is the Poisson's ratio. In 2D the option string must be either set to "planestrain" or "planestress" for a plane strain or plane stress assumption respectively.
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3
>>>
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 2)
>>> u.setconstraint(sur)
>>>
>>> elasticity = formulation()
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, predefinedelasticity(dof(u), tf(u), 150e9, 0.3))
>>>
>>> # elasticity += integral(vol, -2300*dtdt(dof(u)) * tf(u)); # 2300 is mass density
>>>
>>> # Atmospheric pressure load (volumetric force) on top face deformed by field u (might require a nonlinear iteration)
>>> elasticity += integral(top, u, -normal(vol)*1e5 * tf(u))
>>>
>>> elasticity.solve()
>>> u.write(top, "u.vtk", 2)
Example 2: predefinedelasticity(dofu:expression, tfu:expression, elasticitymatrix:expression, myoption:str="")
This extends the previous definition (Example 1) to general anisotropic materials. The elasticity matrix [Pa] must be provided such that it relates the stress and strain in Voigt notation.
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3
>>>
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 2)
>>> u.setconstraint(sur)
>>>
>>> # It is enough to only provide the lower triangular part of the elasticity matrix as it is symmetric
>>> H = expression(6,6, [195e9, 36e9,195e9, 64e9,64e9,166e9, 0,0,0,80e9, 0,0,0,0,80e9, 0,0,0,0,0,51e9])
>>>
>>> elasticity = formulation()
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, predefinedelasticity(dof(u), tf(u), H))
>>>
>>> # elasticity += integral(vol, -2300*dtdt(dof(u)) * tf(u)); # 2300 is mass density
>>>
>>> # Atmospheric pressure load (volumetric force) on top face deformed by field u (might require a nonlinear iteration)
>>> elasticity += integral(top, u, -normal(vol)*1e5 * tf(u))
>>>
>>> elasticity.solve()
>>> u.write(top, "u.vtk", 2)
Example 3: predefinedelasticity(dofu:expression, tfu:expression, u:field, Eyoung:expression, nupoisson:expression, prestress:expression, myoption:str="")
This defines an isotropic linear elasticity formulation with geometric nonlinearity taken into account (full-Lagrangian formulation using the Green-Lagrange strain tensor). Problems with large displacements and rotations can be simulated with this equation but strains must always remain small. Buckling, snap-through and the likes or eigenvalues of prestressed structures can be simulated with the above equation in combination with a nonlinear iteration loop.
The prestress vector [Pa] must be provided in Voigt notation . Set the prestress expressiom to for no prestress.
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3
>>>
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 2)
>>>
>>> ... # boundary conditions
>>>
>>> prestress = expression(6,1, [10e6,0,0,0,0,0])
>>>
>>> elasticity = formulation()
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, predefinedelasticity(dof(u), tf(u), u, 150e9, 0.3, prestress))
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, -2300*dtdt(dof(u)) * tf(u)); # 2300 is mass density
>>>
>>> ... # nonlinear iteration loop
Example 4: predefinedelasticity(dofu:expression, tfu:expression, u:field, elasticitymatrix:expression, prestress:expression, myoption:str="")
This extends the previous definition (Example 3) to general anisotropic materials. The elasticity matrix [Pa] must be provided such that it relates the stress and strain in Voigt notation. Similarly, the prestress vector [Pa] must be also provided in Voigt notation .
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3
>>>
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 2)
>>>
>>> ... # boundary conditions
>>>
>>> # It is enough to only provide the lower triangular part of the elasticity matrix as it is symmetric
>>> H = expression(6,6, [195e9, 36e9,195e9, 64e9,64e9,166e9, 0,0,0,80e9, 0,0,0,0,80e9, 0,0,0,0,0,51e9])
>>>
>>> prestress = expression(6,1, [10e6,0,0,0,0,0])
>>>
>>> elasticity = formulation()
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, predefinedelasticity(dof(u), tf(u), u, H, prestress))
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, -2300*dtdt(dof(u)) * tf(u)); # 2300 is mass density
>>>
>>> ... # nonlinear iteration loop
predefinedelasticwave
def predefinedelasticwave( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> List[Tuple[quanscient.expression, int, quanscient.preconditioner]]
predefinedelectrostaticforce
def predefinedelectrostaticforce( input: expression, E: expression, epsilon: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This function defines the weak formulation term for electrostatic forces. The first argument is the mechanical displacement test function or its gradient, the second is the electric field expression and the third argument is the electric permittivity ( must be a scalar).
Let us call [] the electrostatic Maxwell stress tensor:
where is the electric permittivity, is the electric field and is the identity matrix. The electrostatic force density is N/m^3 so that the loading for a mechanical problem can be obtained by adding the following term:
where is the mechanical displacement. The term can be rewritten in the form that is provided by this function:
where is the infinitesimal strain tensor. This is identical to what is obtained using the virtual work principle. For details refer to 'Domain decomposition techniques for the nonlinear, steady state, finite element simulation of MEMS ultrasonic transducer arrays', page 40.
In this function, a region should be provided to the test function argument to compute the force only for the degrees of freedom associated to that specific region (in the example below with tf(u, top) the force only acts on the surface region 'top'. In any case, a correct force calculation requires including in the integration domain all elements in the region where the force acts and in the element layer around it (in the example below 'vol' includes all volume elements touching surface 'top').
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; top=3
>>> v=field("h1"); u=field("h1xyz")
>>> v.setorder(vol,1)
>>> u.setorder(vol,2)
>>>
>>> elasticity = formulation()
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, predefinedelasticity(dof(u), tf(u), 150e9, 0.3))
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, predefinedelectrostaticforce(tf(u,top), -grad(v), 8.854e-12))
See Also
predefinedmagnetostaticforce()
predefinedelectrostatics
def predefinedelectrostatics( dofv: expression, tfv: expression, epsilon: expression, precondtype: str = '' ) ‑> Tuple[quanscient.expression, quanscient.preconditioner]
predefinedemwave
def predefinedemwave( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> Tuple[quanscient.expression, quanscient.preconditioner]
This defines the equation for (linear) electromagnetic wave propagation:
where is the electric field, is the magnetic permeability, is the electric permiitivity and is the electric conductivity. The real and imaginary parts of each material property can be provided.
Parameters
dofE
: expression
: dof of the electric field.
tfE
: expression
: test function of the electric field.
mur
: expression
: real part of the magnetic permeability .
mui
: expression
: imaginary part of the magnetic permeability .
epsr
: expression
: real part of the electric permittivity .
epsi
: expression
: imaginary part of the electric permittivity .
sigr
: expression
: real part of the electric conductivity .
sigi
: expression
: imaginary part of the electric conductivity .
pmlterms
: List[expression]
: List of pml terms.
precondtype
: str
: Type of precondition. The default is an empty string "".
Examples
Example 1: predefinedemwave(dofE:expression, tfE:expression, mur:expression, mui:expression, epsr:expression, epsi:expression, sigr:expression, sigi:expression, precondtype:str="")
>>> ...
>>> E = field("hcurl", [2,3])
>>> ...
>>> maxwell += integral(sur, predefinedemwave(dof(E), tf(E), mu0,0, epsilon0,0, 0,0))
Example 2: predefinedemwave(dofE:expression, tfE:expression, mur:expression, mui:expression, epsr:expression, epsi:expression, sigr:expression, sigi:expression, pmlterms:List[expression], precondtype:str="")
This is the same as the previous example but with PML boundary conditions.
>>> ...
>>> pmlterms = [detDr, detDi, Dr, Di, invDr, invDi]
>>> maxwell += integral(sur, predefinedemwave(dof(E), tf(E), mu0,0, epsilon0,0, 0,0, pmlterms))
predefinedlinearpoissonwalldistance
def predefinedlinearpoissonwalldistance( physreg: int, wallreg: int, interpolationorder: int = 1, relresddmtol: float = 1e-12, maxnumddmit: int = 500, relerrnltol: float = 1e-06, maxnumnlit: int = 100, project: bool = True, verbosity: int = 1 ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This function calculates and returns distance values from the wall based on the linear Poisson wall distance equation:
where is the approximate wall distance function. The distance is calculated for the physical region physreg from the walls defined in wallreg argument.
More information can be found in Computations of Wall Distances Based on Differential Equations Paul G. Tucker, Chris L. Rumsey, Philippe R. Spalart, Robert E. Bartels, and Robert T. Biedron AIAA Journal 2005 43:3, 539-549, https://doi.org/10.2514/1.8626 .
The system is linear and hence a linear solver is used. After calculating the distance function , a better approximation of distance is obtained as follows:
This wall distance uses an above-zero limiter during calculation. Thus, to ensure that the distance value obtained is smooth, set the project argument to True. This will solve a projection of the distance values at the end and return a smooth solution.
Excerpts from the above paper: "The derivation of the above formula for assumes extensive (infinite) coordinates in the non-normal wall directions. Hence, the distance is only accurate close to walls. However, turbulence models only need 'd' accurate close to walls."
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("2D_Flatplate_35x25.msh")
>>>
>>> # physical regions
>>> fluid=1, inlet=2, outlet=3, top=4, bot_upstream=5, plate=6
>>>
>>> linearpoisson_wd = predefinedlinearpoissonwalldistance(fluid, wall);
See Also
predefinedreciprocalwalldistance()
, predefinednonlinearpoissonwalldistance()
predefinedmagnetostaticforce
def predefinedmagnetostaticforce( input: expression, H: expression, mu: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This function defines the weak formulation term for magnetostatic forces. The first argument ist the mechanical displacement test function or its gradient, the second is the magnetic field expression and the third argument is the magnetic permeability ( must be a scalar).
Let us call [] the magnetostatic Maxwell stress tensor:
where is the magnetic permeability, is the magnetic field and is the identity matrix. The magnetostatic force density is N/m^3 so that the loading for a mechanical problem can be obtained by adding the following term:
where is the mechanical displacement. The term can be rewritten in the form that is provided by this function:
where is the infinitesimal strain tensor. This is identical to what is obtained using the virtual work principle. For details refer to 'Domain decomposition techniques for the nonlinear, steady state, finite element simulation of MEMS ultrasonic transducer arrays', page 40.
In this function, a region should be provided to the test function argument to compute the force only for the degrees of freedom associated to that specific region (in the example below with tf(u, top) the force only acts on the surface region 'top'. In any case, a correct force calculation requires including in the integration domain all elements in the region where the force acts and in the element layer around it (in the example below 'vol' includes all volume elements touching surface 'top').
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; top=3
>>> phi=field("h1"); u=field("h1xyz")
>>> phi.setorder(vol,1)
>>> u.setorder(vol,2)
>>>
>>> elasticity = formulation()
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, predefinedelasticity(dof(u), tf(u), 150e9, 0.3))
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, predefinedelectrostaticforce(tf(u,top), -grad(phi), 4*getpi()*1e-7))
See Also
predefinedelectrostaticforce()
predefinedmagnetostatics
def predefinedmagnetostatics( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> Tuple[quanscient.expression, quanscient.preconditioner]
predefinednavierstokes
def predefinednavierstokes( dofv: expression, tfv: expression, v: expression, dofp: expression, tfp: expression, mu: expression, rho: expression, dtrho: expression, gradrho: expression, includetimederivs: bool = False, isdensityconstant: bool = True, isviscosityconstant: bool = True, precondtype: str = '' ) ‑> Tuple[quanscient.expression, quanscient.preconditioner]
This defines the weak formulation for the general (nonlinear) flow of Newtonian fluids:
where,
- is the fluid density
- is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid
- is the pressure
- is the flow velocity
The formulation is provided in a form leading to a quadratic (Newton) convergence when solved iteratively in a loop. This formulation is only valid to simulate laminar as well as turbulent flows. Using it to simulate turbulent flows leads to a so- called DNS method (direct numerical simulation). DNS does not require any turbulence model since it takes into account the whole range of spatial and temporal scales of the turbulence. Therefore, it requires a spatial and time refinement that for industrial applications typically exceeds the computing power of the most advanced supercomputers. As an alternative, RANS and LES method can be used for turbulent flow simulation.
The transition from a laminar to a turbulent flow is linked to a threshold value of the Reynolds number. For a flow in pipes typical Reynolds number below which the flow is laminar is about .
Arguments dtrho
and gradrho
are respectively the time derivative and the gradient of the density while includetimederivs
gives the option to include or not the time-derivative terms in the formulation. In case the density constant argument is set to True, the fluid is supposed incompressible and the Navier-Stokes equations are further simplified since the divergence of the velocity is zero. If the viscosity in space (it does not have to be constant in time) the constant viscosity argument can be set to True. By default, the density and viscosity are supposed constant and the time-derivative terms are not included. Please note that to simulate the Stokes flow the LBB condition has to be satisfied. This is achieved by using nodal (h1) type shape functions with an interpolation order of at least one higher for the velocity field than for the pressure field. Alternatively, an additional isotropic diffusive term or other stabilization techniques can be used to overcome the LBB limitation.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("microvalve.msh")
>>> fluid = 2 # physical region
>>>
>>> v=field("h1xy"); p=field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(fluid, 2)
>>> p.setorder(fluid, 1) # Satisfies the LBB condition
>>>
>>> laminar = formulation()
>>> laminar += integral(fluid, predefinednavierstokes(dof(v), tf(v), v, dof(p), tf(p), 8.9e-4, 1000, 0, 0))
See Also
predefinednavierstokescrosswindstabilization
def predefinednavierstokescrosswindstabilization( dofv: expression, tfv: expression, v: expression, p: expression, diffusivity: expression, rho: expression, gradv: List[expression], vorder: int ) ‑> quanscient.expression
predefinednavierstokesstreamlinestabilization
def predefinednavierstokesstreamlinestabilization( dofv: expression, tfv: expression, v: expression, dofp: expression, tfp: expression, diffusivity: expression, rho: expression, gradv: List[expression], vorder: int, pspg: bool, lsic: bool ) ‑> quanscient.expression
predefinednonlinearpoissonwalldistance
def predefinednonlinearpoissonwalldistance( physreg: int, wallreg: int, poissonparameter: int, interpolationorder: int = 1, relresddmtol: float = 1e-12, maxnumddmit: int = 500, relerrnltol: float = 1e-06, maxnumnlit: int = 100, project: bool = True, verbosity: int = 1 ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This function calculates and returns distance values from the wall based on a generic p-Posison wall distance equation:
where is the approximate wall distance function and is the Poisson parameter. The distance is calculated for the physical region physreg from the walls defined in wallreg argument. The Poisson parameter must be larger than or equal to 2. Higher the parameter better the distance field approximation. The term represents an apparent diffusion coefficient. When , the equation reduces to the linear Poisson wall distance. See predefinedlinearpoissonwalldistance()
.
More information can be found in Wall-Distance Calculation for Turbulence Modelling, J. C. Bakker, Delft University of Technology. http://samofar.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Bakker_Jelle_BSc-thesis_2018.pdf .
The above system is non-linear and hence an iterative Newton solver is used. After calculating the distance function , a better approximation of distance is obtained as follows:
This wall distance uses an above-zero limiter during calculation. Thus, to ensure that the distance value obtained is smooth, set the project argument to True. This will solve a projection of the distance values at the end and return a smooth solution.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("2D_Flatplate_35x25.msh")
>>>
>>> # physical regions
>>> fluid=1, inlet=2, outlet=3, top=4, bot_upstream=5, plate=6
>>>
>>> nonlinearpoisson_wd = predefinednonlinearpoissonwalldistance(fluid, wall, p=4);
See Also
predefinedreciprocalwalldistance()
, predefinedlinearpoissonwalldistance()
predefinedreciprocalwalldistance
def predefinedreciprocalwalldistance( physreg: int, wallreg: int, reflength: float, smoothpar: float = 0.5, interpolationorder: int = 1, relresddmtol: float = 1e-12, maxnumddmit: int = 500, relerrnltol: float = 1e-06, maxnumnlit: int = 100, verbosity: int = 1 ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This function calculates and returns distance values from the wall based on the reciprocal wall distance (G=1/d) equation:
The distance is calculated for the physical region physreg from the walls defined in wallreg argument.
More information can be found in Fares, E., and W. Schröder. "A differential equation for approximate wall distance." International journal for numerical methods in fluids 39.8 (2002): 743-762.
Excerpts from the above paper: "The desired smoothing is controlled by the value of the smoothing parameter . The larger the value means a stronger smoothing at sharp edges (but also a large deviation from exact distances). The value of the wall boundary condition influences the smoothing too.
Reference length is relevant in the definition of the initial and boundary conditions. For geometries with just one-sided wall, does not play a role- since the solution is the exact distance for all and . This formulation promises an enhancement of turbulence models at strongly curved surfaces."
Smaller and larger allow for better approximations of distances although at times it can be difficult to obtain convergence. In such cases, lowering the improves.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("2D_Flatplate_35x25.msh")
>>>
>>> # physical regions
>>> fluid=1, inlet=2, outlet=3, top=4, bot_upstream=5, plate=6
>>>
>>> reciprocal_wd = predefinedreciprocalwalldistance(fluid, wall, Lref=0.15);
See Also
predefinedlinearpoissonwalldistance()
, predefinednonlinearpoissonwalldistance()
predefinedslipwall
def predefinedslipwall( physreg: int, dofv: expression, tfv: expression, dofp: expression, tfp: expression, diffusivity: expression, rho: expression, vorder: int ) ‑> quanscient.expression
predefinedstabilization
def predefinedstabilization( stabtype: str, delta: expression, f: expression, v: expression, diffusivity: expression, residual: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This function defines the isotropic, streamline anisotropic, crosswind, crosswind shockwave, streamline Petrov_Galerkin and streamline upwind Petrov-Galerkin stabilization methods for the advection-diffusion problem:
where is the scalar quantity of interest, is the velocity that the quantity is moving with and is the diffusivity tensor.
A characteristic number of advection-diffusion problems is the Peclet number:
where is the length of each mesh element. It quantifies the relative importance of advective and diffusive transport rates. When the Peclet number is large () the problem is dominated by faster advection (higher advection transport) and prone to spurious oscillations in the solution. Although lowering the Peclet number can be achieved by refining the mesh, a classical alternative is to add stabilization terms to the original equation. A proper choice of stabilization should remove oscillations while changing the original problem as little as possible. In the most simple method proposed (isotropic diffusion), the diffusivity is artificially increased to lower the Peclet number. The more advanced method proposed attempts to add artificial diffusion only where it is needed. In the crosswind shockwave, SPG and SUPG methods the residual of the advection-diffusion equation is used to quantify the local amount of diffusion to add. The terms provided by the proposed stabilization methods have the following form:
- isotropic diffusion:
- streamline anisotropic diffusion
- crosswind diffusion:
- crosswind shockwave:
- streamline Petrov-Galerkin (SPG):
- streamline upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG):
where is the test function associated with field and .
To understand the effect of the crosswind diffusion one can notice that for a 2D flow in the direction only, tensor becomes
and the artificial diffusion is only added at places where has a component in the direction perpendicular to the flow.
How to use the predefined stabilization methods: Due to the large amount of artificial diffusion added by the isotropic diffusion method it should only be considered as a fallback option. In practice, a pair of one streamline and one crosswind method should be used with the smallest possible tuning factor . If the problem allows, SUPG should be preferred over SPG and crosswind shockwave should be preferred over the crosswind because the amount of diffusion added tends to be lower.
Examples
The different stabilization methods are defined for the following simulation setup:
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> c = field("h1")
>>> v = field("h1xyz")
>>> c.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>>
>>> # Diffusivity alpha (can be a tensor)
>>> alpha = expression(0.001)
>>>
>>> advdiff = formulation()
>>> advdiff += integral(vol, predefinedadvectiondiffusion(dof(c), tf(c), v, alpha, 1.0, 1.0))
>>>
>>> # Tuning factor (stablization parameter)
>>> delta = 0.5
>>>
>>> # isotropic diffusion
>>> advdiff += integral(vol, predefinedstablization("iso", delta, c, v, 0.0, 0.0))
>>>
>>> # streamline anisotropic diffusion
>>> advdiff += integral(vol, predefinedstabilization("aniso", delta, c, v, 0.0, 0.0))
>>>
>>> # crosswind diffusion
>>> advdiff += integral(vol, predefinedstabilization("cw", delta, c, v, 0.0, 0.0))
The following residual-based stabilizations require the strong-form residual. Neglecting the second-order space-derivative still leads to a good residual approximation.
>>> # The flow is supposed incompressible, i.e div(v) = 0
>>> dofresidual = dt(dof(c)) + v*grad(dof(c)) # residual at current iteration
>>> residual = dt(c) + v*grad(c) # residual at previous iteration
>>>
>>> # crosswind shockwave diffusion: residual at previous iteration must be considered
>>> advdiff += integral(vol, predefinedstabilization("cws", delta, c, v, alpha, residual))
>>>
>>> # streamline Petrov-Galerkin diffusion
>>> advdiff += integral(vol, predefinedstabilization("spg", delta, c, v, alpha, dofresidual))
>>>
>>> # streamline upwind Petrov-Galerkin diffusion
>>> advdiff += integral(vol, predefinedstabilization("supg", delta, c, v, alpha, dofresidual))
predefinedstabilizednavierstokes
def predefinedstabilizednavierstokes( dofv: expression, tfv: expression, v: expression, dofp: expression, tfp: expression, p: expression, mu: expression, rho: expression, dtrho: expression, gradrho: expression, includetimederivs: bool, isdensityconstant: bool, isviscosityconstant: bool, precondtype: str, supg: bool, pspg: bool, lsic: bool, cwnd: bool, vorder: int, gradv: List[expression] ) ‑> Tuple[quanscient.expression, quanscient.preconditioner]
predefinedstokes
def predefinedstokes( dofv: expression, tfv: expression, dofp: expression, tfp: expression, mu: expression, rho: expression, dtrho: expression, gradrho: expression, includetimederivs: bool = False, isdensityconstant: bool = True, isviscosityconstant: bool = True, precondtype: str = '' ) ‑> Tuple[quanscient.expression, quanscient.preconditioner]
This defines the weak formulation for the Stokes (creeping) flow, a linear form of Navier-Stokes where the advective term is ignored as the inertial forces are smaller compared to the viscous forces:
where,
- is the fluid density
- is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid
- is the pressure
- is the flow velocity
This formulation is only valid to simulate the flow of Newtonian fluids (air, water, ...) with a very small Reynolds number ():
where is the characteristic length of the flow. Low flow velocities, high viscosities or small dimensions can lead to a valid Stokes flow approximation. Flows in microscale devices such as microvalves are also good candidates for Stokes flow simulations.
Arguments dtrho
and gradrho
are respectively the time derivative and the gradient of the density while includetimederivs
gives the option to include or not the time-derivative terms in the formulation. In case the density constant argument is set to True, the fluid is supposed incompressible and the Navier-Stokes equations are further simplified since the divergence of the velocity is zero. If the viscosity in space (it does not have to be constant in time) the constant viscosity argument can be set to True. By default, the density and viscosity are supposed constant and the time-derivative terms are not included. Please note that to simulate the Stokes flow the LBB condition has to be satisfied. This is achieved by using nodal (h1) type shape functions with an interpolation order of at least one higher for the velocity field than for the pressure field. Alternatively, an additional isotropic diffusive term or other stabilization techniques can be used to over the LBB limitation.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("microvalve.msh")
>>> fluid = 2 # physical region
>>>
>>> v=field("h1xy"); p=field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(fluid, 2)
>>> p.setorder(fluid, 1) # Satisfies the LBB condition
>>>
>>> stokesflow = formulation()
>>> stokesflow += integral(fluid, predefinedstokes(dof(v), tf(v), dof(p), tf(p), 8.9e-4, 1000, 0, 0))
See Also
predefinedstreamlinestabilizationparameter
def predefinedstreamlinestabilizationparameter( v: expression, diffusivity: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
predefinedturbulencecrosswindstabilization
def predefinedturbulencecrosswindstabilization( v: expression, rho: expression, dofk: expression, tfk: expression, kp: expression, gradk: expression, productionk: expression, dissipationknodof: expression, diffusivityk: expression, korder: int, dofepsomega: expression, tfepsomega: expression, epsomegap: expression, gradepsomega: expression, productionepsomega: expression, dissipationepsomeganodof: expression, diffusivityepsomega: expression, epsomegaorder: int, fv1: expression, cdkomega: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
predefinedturbulencemodelsstkomega
def predefinedturbulencemodelsstkomega( v: expression, rho: expression, viscosity: expression, walldistance: expression, dofk: expression, tfk: expression, kp: expression, gradk: expression, korder: int, dofomega: expression, tfomega: expression, omegap: expression, logomega: expression, gradomega: expression, omegaorder: int, stabsupgkomega: bool, stabcwdkomega: bool ) ‑> quanscient.expression
predefinedturbulencestreamlinestabilization
def predefinedturbulencestreamlinestabilization( v: expression, rho: expression, dofk: expression, tfk: expression, gradk: expression, productionk: expression, dissipationk: expression, diffusivityk: expression, korder: int, dofepsomega: expression, tfepsomega: expression, gradepsomega: expression, productionepsomega: expression, dissipationepsomega: expression, diffusivityepsomega: expression, epsomegaorder: int, fv1: expression, cdkomega: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
printonrank
def printonrank( rank: int, toprint: str ) ‑> None
printsparameters
def printsparameters( Sparams: List[List[float]], polar: bool = True ) ‑> None
printtotalforce
def printtotalforce( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> List[float]
This prints the total force and its unit. The total force value is returned.
Examples
Example 1: printtotalforce(physreg:int, EorH:expression, epsilonormu:expression, extraintegrationorder:int=0)
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> phi = field("h1")
>>> phi.setorder(vol, 2)
>>>
>>> mu0 = 4 * getpi() * 1e-7
>>> mu = parameter()
>>> mu.setvalue(vol, mu0)
>>> printtotalforce(vol, -grad(phi), mu)
Example 2: printtotalforce(physreg:int, meshdeform:expression, EorH:expression, epsilonormu:expression, extraintegrationorder:int=0)
This is similar to the above function but the total force is computed and returned on the mesh deformed by the field u
.
>>> ...
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> printtotalforce(vol, u, -grad(phi), mu)
See Also
printvector
def printvector( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This prints of the vector as well as its values.
Parameters
input
: List[double/int/bool]
: A list of double/int/bool elements.
Example
>>> v = [2.4, 3.14, -0.1]
>>> printvector(v)
Vector size is 3
2.4 3.14 -0.1
printversion
def printversion() ‑> None
receive
def receive( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
rectangularport
def rectangularport( portphysreg: int, modetype: str, mmode: int, nmode: int, mu: expression, eps: expression, cxynodecoords: List[List[float]], integrationorder: int = 5 ) ‑> Tuple[quanscient.expression, quanscient.expression]
scatter
def scatter( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
scatterwrite
def scatterwrite( filename: str, xcoords: List[float], ycoords: List[float], zcoords: List[float], compxevals: List[float], compyevals: List[float] = [], compzevals: List[float] = [] ) ‑> None
This writes to the output file a scalar or vector values at given coordinates. If atleast one of the compyevals
or compzevals
is not empty then the values saved are vectors and not scalars. For scalars, only compxevals
must be provided.
Raises
RuntimeError
: if length of all the list arguments are not identical.
Example
>>> Define coordinates of three points: (0.0,0.0,0.0), (1.0,1.0,0.0) and (2.0,2.0,0.0)
>>> coordx = [0.0, 1.0, 2.0]
>>> coordy = [0.0, 1.0, 2.0]
>>> coordz = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
>>>
>>> vals = [10, 20, 30]
>>> scatterwrite("scalarvalues.vtk", coordx, coordy, coordz, vals)
>>>
>>> xvals = [10, 20, 30]
>>> yvals = [40, 50, 60]
>>> scatterwrite("vectorvalues.vtk", coordx, coordy, coordz, xvals, yvals)
selectall
def selectall() ‑> int
Returns a new or an existing physical region that covers the entire domain.
Returns
int
: Physical region that covers the entire domain.
Example
>>> rega = 1; regb = 2
>>> qa = shape("quadrangle", rega, {0,0,0, 1,0,0, 1,1,0, 0,1,0}, {5,5,5,5})
>>> qb = shape("quadrangle", regb, {1,0,0, 2,0,0, 2,1,0, 1,1,0}, {5,5,5,5})
>>> mymesh = mesh([qa, qb])
>>> wholedomain = selectall()
>>> mymesh.write("mesh.msh")
See Also
selectunion()
, selectintersection()
, selectnooverlap()
, shape
, mesh
selectintersection
def selectintersection( physregs: List[int], intersectdim: int ) ‑> int
Returns a new or an existing physical region that is the intersection of physical regions passed. The intersectdim
argument determines the dimensional data from the intersection that would be utilized in subsequent operations such as setting constraints on a physical region or writing a field or expression to the physical region. For, intersectdim=3
: from the intersection, only volumes are used in subsequent operations. intersectdim=2
: from the intersection, only surfaces are used in subsequent operations. intersectdim=1
: from the intersection, only lines are is used in subsequent operations. intersectdim=0
: from the intersection, only points are is used in subsequent operations. This is useful in isolating only those dimensional data that might be necessary and ignoring the others arising from the intersection. Note that, the intersected region itself is not affected by intersectdim
. This argument only determines which dimensional data is utilized when the intersected physical region is used in calculations or operations.
Parameters
physregs
: list
: List of physical regions
intersectdim
: int
: 0, 1, 2 or 3. This determines which dimensional data from the intersected physical region is returned.
Examples
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3 # physical regions
>>>
>>> # Influence of <code>intersectdim</code>
>>> intersectdim = 3
>>> intersectedreg = selectintersection([vol, vol], intersectdim)
>>> expression(1).write(intersectedreg, "out_3D.vtk", 1) # uses only volume from the intersectedreg
>>>
>>> intersectdim = 2
>>> intersectedreg = selectintersection([vol, vol], intersectdim)
>>> expression(1).write(intersectedreg, "out_2D.vtk", 1) # uses only surfaces from the intersectedreg
>>>
>>> intersectdim = 1
>>> intersectedreg = selectintersection([vol, vol], intersectdim)
>>> expression(1).write(intersectedreg, "out_1D.vtk", 1) # uses only lines from the intersectedreg
>>>
>>> intersectdim = 0
>>> intersectedreg = selectintersection([vol, vol], intersectdim)
>>> expression(1).write(intersectedreg, "out_0D.vtk", 1) # uses only points from the intersectedreg
See Also
selectunion()
, selectall()
, selectnooverlap()
selectnooverlap
def selectnooverlap() ‑> int
Returns a new or an existing physical region that covers no-overlap domain in case of overlap DDM and the entire domain otherwise.
See Also
selectunion()
, selectintersection()
, selectall()
selectunion
def selectunion( physregs: List[int] ) ‑> int
Returns a new or an existing physical region that is the union of physical regions passed.
Parameters
physregs
: list
: List of physical regions
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> sur=2; top=3 # physical regions
>>> surandtop = selectunion([2,3]) # unioned physical region
See Also
selectintersection()
, selectall()
, selectnooverlap()
send
def send( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
setaxisymmetry
def setaxisymmetry() ‑> None
This call should be placed at the very beginning of the code. After the call everything will be solved assuming axisymmetry (works for 2D meshes in the xy plane only). All equations should be written in their 3D form.
Please note that in order to correctly take into account the cylindrical coordinate change, the appropriate space derivative operators should be used. For example, the gradient of a vector operator required in the mechanical strain calculation to compute the gradient of mechanical displacement should not be defined manually using dx()
, dy()
and dz()
space derivatives. The grad()
operator should instead be called on the mechanical displacement vector.
Raises
RuntimeError
: If the function is called after loading a mesh.
Example
>>> setaxisymmetry()
setdata
def setdata( invec: vec ) ‑> None
setfundamentalfrequency
def setfundamentalfrequency( f: float ) ‑> None
This defines the fundamental frequency (in ) required for multi-harmonic problems.
Example
>>> setfundamentalfrequency(50)
setmaxnumthreads
def setmaxnumthreads( mnt: int ) ‑> None
Sets the maximum number of threads allowed.
Parameters
mnt
: int
: input value specifying the maximum number of threads allowed.
Example
>>> setmaxnumthreads(2)
>>> mnt = getmaxnumthreads()
2
See Also
setphysicalregionshift
def setphysicalregionshift( shiftamount: int ) ‑> None
This shifts the physical region numbers by shiftamount
x (1 + physical region dimension) when loading a mesh.
Example
In the example the point/line/face/volume (0D/1D/2D/3D) physical region numbers will be shifted by 1000/2000/3000/4000 when a mesh is loaded.
>>> setphysicalregionshift(1000)
settime
def settime( t: float ) ‑> None
This sets the time variable t.
Example
>>> settime(1e-3)
See Also
settimederivative
def settimederivative( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This allows us to provide the time derivative vectors to the universe.
Examples
*Example 1: settimederivative(dtx:vec)
This provides the first-order time derivate vector to the universe and removes the second-order time derivative vector.
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> v.setconstraint(sur)
>>>
>>> poisson = formulation()
>>> poisson += integral(vol, grad(dof(v))*grad(tf(v)))
>>> solt1=vec(poisson); solt2=vec(poisson)
>>> dtsol = 0.1 * (solt2 - solt1)
>>> settimederivative(dtsol)
>>> dt(v).write(vol, "dtv.pos", 1)
*Example 2: settimederivative(dtx:vec, dtdtx:vec)
This provides the first and second-order time derivative vectors to the universe.
>>> ...
>>> settimederivative(dtsol, vec(poisson))
>>> dtdt(v).write(vol, "dtdtv.pos", 1)
sin
def sin( input: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns an expression that is the of input. The input expression is in radians
.
Example
>>> expr = sin(getpi()/2)
>>> expr.print()
Expression size is 1x1
@ row 0, col 0 :
1
>>>
>>> expr = sin(2)
>>> expr.print()
Expression size is 1x1
@ row 0, col 0 :
0.909297
See Also
cos()
, tan()
, asin()
, acos()
, atan()
sn
def sn( n: float ) ‑> quanscient.expression
solve
def solve( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> quanscient.vec
This function solves an algebraic problem. This function can solve both nonlinear and linear systems. Nonlinear problems are solved with a fixed-point iteration. Linear problems can be solved with both direct and iterative solvers. Depending on the algebraic problem and the solver needed, the overloaded solve function can be called with different numbers and types of arguments as shown in the examples below.
Examples
Example 1: solve(A:mat, b:vec, soltype:str="lu", diagscaling:bool=False) -> quanscient.vec
This solves a linear algebraic problem with a (possibly reused) LU or Cholesky factorization by calling the mumps parallel direct solver via PETSC. The matrix can be diagonally scaled for improved conditioning (especially in multiphysics problems). In the case of diagonal scaling the matrix is modified after the call.
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2
>>>
>>> v=field("h1"); x=field("x")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>>
>>> projection = formulation()
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v) - x*tf(v)) # linear system
>>>
>>> projection.generate()
>>> sol = solve(projection.A(), projection.b()) # mumps direct solver
Example 2: solve(A:mat, b:List[vec], soltype:str="lu") -> List[vec]
This is same as the previous example but allows us to efficiently solve for multiple right-hand side vectors .
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2
>>>
>>> v=field("h1"); x=field("x")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>>
>>> projection = formulation()
>>> projection += integral(vol, (dof(v) - x)*tf(v)) # linear system
>>>
>>> projection.generate()
>>> b0 = projection.b()
>>> b1 = 2 * b0
>>> b2 = 3 * b0
>>>
>>> sol = solve(projection.A(), [b0, b1, b2]) # mumps direct solver
>>>
>>> # solution for b0
>>> v.setdata(vol, sol[0])
>>> v.write(vol, "sol0.pos", 1)
>>>
>>> # solution for b1
>>> v.setdata(vol, sol[1])
>>> v.write(vol, "sol1.pos", 1)
>>>
>>> # solution for b2
>>> v.setdata(vol, sol[2])
>>> v.write(vol, "sol2.pos", 1)
Example 3: solve(A:mat, b:vec, sol:vec, relrestol:double, maxnumit:int, soltype:str="bicgstab", precondtype:str="sor", verbosity:int=1, diagscaling:bool=False)
This solves a linear algebraic problem with a preconditioned (ilu, sor, gamg) iterative solver (gmres or bicgstab). Vector sol is used as an initial guess and holds the solution at the end of the call. Values relrestol and maxnumit give the relative residual tolerance and the maximum number of iterations to be performed by the iterative solver. The matrix can be diagonally scaled for improved conditioning (especially in multiphysics problems). In the case of diagonal scaling the matrix is modified after the call.
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2
>>>
>>> v=field("h1"); x=field("x")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>>
>>> projection = formulation()
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v) - x*tf(v)) # linear system
>>>
>>> projection.generate()
>>>
>>> initsol = vec(projection)
>>> solve(projection.A(), projection.b(), initsol, 1e-8, 200) # iterative solver
>>> v.setdata(vol, initsol)
>>> print(f"Max solution value is {v.max(vol, 5)[0]}")
Max solution value is 1.013415
Example 4: solve(nltol:double, maxnumnlit:int, realxvalue:double, formuls:List[formulation], verbosity:int=1) -> int
This solves a nonlinear problem with a fixed point iteration. A relaxation value can be provided with relaxvalue
argument. Usually, a relaxation value less than (under-relaxation) is used to avoid divergence of a solution.
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2
>>>
>>> v=field("h1");
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> v.setconstraint(sur, 0)
>>>
>>> electrostatics = formulation()
>>> electrostatics += integral(vol, grad(dof(v))*grad(tf(v)) + v*tf(v) )
>>>
>>> solve(1e-4, 100, 1.0, [electrostatics])
See Also
sqrt
def sqrt( input: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns an expression that is the square root of the input expression.
Example
>>> expr = sqrt(2)
>>> expr.print()
Expression size is 1x1
@ row 0, col 0 :
1.41421
strain
def strain( input: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This defines the (linear) engineering strains in Voigt form . The input can either be the displacement field or its gradient.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> engstrain = strain(u)
>>> engstrain.print()
sum
def sum( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
t
def t() ‑> quanscient.expression
This gives the time variable in the form of an expression. The evaluation gives a value equal to gettime()
.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setconstraint(vol, sin(2*t()))
See Also
tan
def tan( input: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns an expression that is the of input. The input expression is in radians
.
Example
>>> expr = tan(getpi()/4)
>>> expr.print()
Expression size is 1x1
@ row 0, col 0 :
1
>>>
>>> expr = tan(1)
>>> expr.print()
Expression size is 1x1
@ row 0, col 0 :
1.55741
See Also
sin()
, cos()
, asin()
, acos()
, atan()
tangent
def tangent() ‑> quanscient.expression
This defines a tangent vector with unit norm.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> top=3
>>> tangent().write(top, "tangent.vtk", 1)
tf
def tf( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This declares a test function field. The test functions are defined only on the region physreg
which when not provided is set to the element integration region.
Examples
Example 1: tf(input:expression)
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
Example 2: tf(input:expression, physreg:int)
>>> ...
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v, vol) - 2*tf(v))
See Also
trace
def trace( a: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This computes the trace of a square matrix expression. The returned expression is a scalar.
Example
>>> a = array2x2(1,2, 3,4)
>>> tracea = trace(a)
>>> tracea.print()
Expression size is 1x1
@ row 0, col 0 :
5
transpose
def transpose( input: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns an expression that is the transpose of a vector or matrix expression.
Example
>>> colvec = array3x1(1,2,3)
>>> rowvec = transpose(colvec)
>>> rowvec.print()
Expression size is 1x3
@ row 0, col 0 :
1
@ row 0, col 1 :
2
@ row 0, col 2 :
3
>>> matexpr = expression(3,3, [1,2,3, 4,5,6, 7,8,9])
>>> transposed = transpose(matexpr)
vonmises
def vonmises( stress: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns the von Mises stress expression corresponding to the 3D stress tensor provided as argument. The stress tensor should be provided in Voigt form .
For 2D plane stress problems all related components of the stress tensor are . For plane strain problems do not forget the term $\sigma_{zz} = \nu \cdot (\sigma_{xx} + \sigma_{yy}).
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> u.setconstraint(sur)
>>>
>>> # Material properties
>>> E = 150e9
>>> nu = 0.3
>>>
>>> # Elasticity matrix for isotropic materials
>>> H = expression(6,6, [1-nu,nu,nu,0,0,0, nu,1-nu,nu,0,0,0, nu,nu,1-nu,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0.5*(1-2*nu),0,0, 0,0,0,0,0.5*(1-2*nu),0, 0,0,0,0,0,0.5*(1-2*nu)])
>>> H = H * E/((1+nu)*(1-2*nu))
>>>
>>> elasticity = formulation()
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, predefinedelasticity(dof(u), tf(u), H))
>>>
>>> # Atmospheric pressure load (volumetric force) on top face deformed by field u (might require a nonlinear iteration)
>>> elasticity += integral(top, u, -normal(vol)*1e5 * tf(u))
>>>
>>> elasticity.solve()
>>>
>>> cauchystress = H * strain(u)
>>> vonmisesstress = vonmises(cauchystress)
>>>
>>> vonmisesstress.write(vol, "vonmises.vtk", 1)
>>> maxvonmises = vonmisesstress.max(vol, 5)[0]
>>> maxvonmises
wallfunction
def wallfunction( fluidphysreg: int, flds: List[field], exprs: List[expression], wftype: str ) ‑> List[quanscient.expression]
writecsvfile
def writecsvfile( filename: str, header: str, values: List[str] ) ‑> None
writeshapefunctions
def writeshapefunctions( filename: str, sftypename: str, elementtypenumber: int, maxorder: int, allorientations: bool = False ) ‑> None
This writes to file all shape functions up to a requested order. It is a convenient tool to visualize the shape functions.
Example
>>> writeshapefunctions("sf.pos", "hcurl", 2, 2)
writevector
def writevector( filename: str, towrite: List[float], delimiter: str = ',', writesize: bool = False ) ‑> None
This writes all the entries of a list/vector to the file filename
with the requested delimiter. The size of the vector can also be written at the beginning of a file if requested.
Parameters
filename
: str
: The name of the file to which the entries of a list/vector are written.
towrite
: List
: The list/vector containing the entries that needs to be written to a file.
delimiter
: str
, default=','
: Character separating each entry of the list/vector when writing to a file. E.g ',' or '\n'.
writesize
: bool
, default=False
: If True, the size of the list/vector is written at the beginning of the file.
Example
>>> v = [2.4,3.14,-0.1]
>>> writevector("vecvals.txt", v)
2.4,3.14,-0.1
>>>
>>> writevector("vecvals.txt", v, ' ')
2.4 3.14 -0.1
>>>
>>> writevector("vecvals.txt", v, '\n', True)
3
2.4
3.14
-0.1
See Also
zienkiewiczzhu
def zienkiewiczzhu( input: expression ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This defines a Zienkiewicz-Zhu type error indicator for the argument expression. The value of the returned expression is constant over each element. It equals the maximum of the argument expression value jump between that element and any neighbour. In the below example, the zienkiewiczzhu(grad(v)) expression quantifies the discontinuity of the field derivative. For a non-scalar arguments the function is applied to each entry and the norm is returned.
Example
>>> sur = 1
>>> q = shape("quadrangle", sur, [0,0,0, 5,0,0, 5,1,0, 0,1,0], [10,3,10,3])
>>> mymesh = mesh([q])
>>>
>>> v=field("h1"); x=field("x"); y=field("y")
>>> v.setorder(sur, 1)
>>>
>>> criterion = zienkiewiczzhu(grad(v))
>>> # Target max criterion is 0.05
>>> maxcrit = ifpositive(criterion-0.05, 1, 0)
>>> mymesh.setadaptivity(maxcrit, 0, 3)
>>>
>>> for i in range(10):
... fct = sin(3*x)/(x*x+1)*sin(getpi()*y)
... v.setvalue(sur, fct)
... v.write(sur, f"v{100+i}.vtk", 1)
... fieldorder(v).write(sur, f"fieldorder{100+i}.vtk", 1)
... criterion.write(sur, f"zienkiewiczzhu{100+i}.vtk", 1)
... relL2err = sqrt(pow(v-fct,2)).integrate(sur,5) / pow(fct,2).integrate(sur,5)
... adapt(2)
Classes
densemat
class densemat( **kwargs )
The densemat
object stores a row-major array of doubles that corresponds to a dense matrix. For storing an array of integers, see indexmat
object.
Examples
There are several ways of instantiating a densemat
object. They are listed below:
Example 1: densemat(numberofrows:int, numberofcolumns:int)
The following creates a matrix with 2 rows and 3 columns. The entries may be undefined.
>>> B = densemat(2,3)
Example 2: densemat(numberofrows:int, numberofcolumns:int, initvalue:double)
This creates a matrix with 2 rows and 3 columns. All entries are assigned the value initvalue
.
>>> B = densemat(2,3, 12)
>>> B.print()
Matrix size is 2x3
12 12 12
12 12 12
Example 3: densemat(numberofrows:int, numberofcolumns:int, valvec:List[double])
This creates a matrix with 2 rows and 3 columns. The entries are assigned the values of valvec
. The length of valvec
is expected to be equal to the total count of entries in the matrix. So for creating a matrix of size , length of valvec
must be 6.
>>> B = densemat(2,3, [1,2,3,4,5,6])
>>> B.print()
Matrix size is 2x3
1 2 3
4 5 6
Example 4: densemat(numberofrows:int, numberofcolumns:int, init:double, step:double)
This creates a matrix with 2 rows and 3 columns. The first entry is assigned the value init
and the consecutive entries are assigned values that increase by steps of step
.
>>> B = densemat(2,3, 0, 1)
>>> B.print()
Matrix size is 2x3
0 1 2
3 4 5
Example 5: densemat(input:List[densemat])
This creates a matrix that is the vertical concatenation of input
matrices. Since, the concatenation occurs vertically, the number of columns in all the input matrices must match.
>>> A = densemat(2,3, 0)
>>> B = densemat(1,3, 2)
>>> AB = densemat([A,B])
>>> AB.print()
Matrix size is 3x3
0 0 0
0 0 0
2 2 2
Methods
count
def count( self ) ‑> int
This counts and returns the total number of entries in the dense matrix.
Example
>>> B = densemat(2,3)
>>> B.count()
6
countcolumns
def countcolumns( self ) ‑> int
This counts and returns the number of columns in the dense matrix.
Example
>>> B = densemat(2,3)
>>> B.countcolumns()
3
countrows
def countrows( self ) ‑> int
This counts and returns the number of rows in the dense matrix.
Example
>>> B = densemat(2,3)
>>> B.countrows()
2
print
def print( self ) ‑> None
This prints the entries of the dense matrix.
Example
>>> B = densemat(2,3, 0,1)
>>> B.print()
Matrix size is 2x3
0 1 2
3 4 5
printsize
def printsize( self ) ‑> None
This prints the size of the dense matrix.
Example
>>> B = densemat(2,3)
>>> B.printsize()
Matrix size is 2x3
eigenvalue
class eigenvalue( **kwargs )
The eigenvalue object allows us to solve classical, generalized and polynomial eigenvalue problems. The computation is done by SLEPc, a scalable library for eigenvalue problem computation.
Examples
Example 1: eigenvalue(A: mat)
This defines a classical eigenvalue problem
Example2.1: eigenvalue(A:mat, B:mat)
This defines a generalized eigenvalue problem . Undamped mechanical resonance modes and resonance frequencies can be calculated with this since an undamped mechanical problem can be written in the form
which for a harmonic excitation at angular frequency can be rewritten as
so that the generalized eigen value is equal to . To visualize the resonance frequencies of all calculated undamped modes the method eigenvalue.printeigenfrequencies()
can be called.
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3
>>>
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 2)
>>> u.setconstraint(sur)
>>>
>>> elasticity = formulation()
>>>
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, predefinedelasticity(dof(u), tf(u), 150e-, 0.3))
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, -2300*dtdt(dof(u)) * tf(u)) # 2300 is mass density
>>>
>>> # Direct eigen solver (works only for non-DDM simulation)
>>> elasticity.generate()
>>> eig = eigenvalue(elasticity.K(), elasticity.M())
>>> eig.compute(5, 0)
>>>
>>> eig.printeigenfrequencies()
>>>
>>> eigenvalue_real = eig.geteigenvaluerealpart()
>>> eigenvalue_imag = eig.geteigenvalueimaginarypart()
>>>
>>> eigenvector_real = eig.geteigenvectorrealpart()
>>> eigenvector_imag = eig.geteigenvectorimaginarypart()
Example2.2: eigenvalue(form: formulation)
This is same as the example 2.1 but the eigen solution is obtained iteratively. This can be used for both non-DDM and DDM simulation case setup.
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3
>>>
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 2)
>>> u.setconstraint(sur)
>>>
>>> elasticity = formulation()
>>>
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, predefinedelasticity(dof(u), tf(u), 150e-, 0.3))
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, -2300*dtdt(dof(u)) * tf(u)) # 2300 is mass density
>>>
>>> # Iterative eigen solver
>>> eig = eigenvalue(elasticity)
>>> eig.settolerance(1e-6, 1000)
>>> eig.allcompute(1e-6, 1000, 5, 0)
>>>
>>> eig.printeigenfrequencies()
>>>
>>> eigenvalue_real = eig.geteigenvaluerealpart()
>>> eigenvalue_imag = eig.geteigenvalueimaginarypart()
>>>
>>> eigenvector_real = eig.geteigenvectorrealpart()
>>> eigenvector_imag = eig.geteigenvectorimaginarypart()
Example 3: eigenvalue(K: mat, C:mat, M:mat)
This defined a second-order polynomial eigenvalue problem which allows getting the resonance modes and resonance frequencies for damped mechanical problems. The input arguments are respectively the mechanical stiffness, damping matrix and mass matrix. A second-order polynomial eigenvalue problem attempts to find a solution of the form
which corresponds to a damped oscillation at frequency with a damping ratio
In the case of proportional damping (if and only if is symmetric) the oscillation of the undamped system is at . The undamped oscillation frequency can then be calculated as
To visualize all relevant resonance information for the computed eigenvalues the method eigenvalue.printeigenfrequencies()
can be called.
Example 4: eigenvalue(inmats: List[mat])
This defines an arbitraray order polynomial eigenvalue problem.
Methods
allcompute
def allcompute( self, relrestol: float, maxnumit: int, numeigenvaluestocompute: int, targeteigenvaluemagnitude: float = 0.0, verbosity: int = 1 ) ‑> None
This is an iterative eigen solver that attempts to compute the first numeigenvaluestocompute
eigenvalues whose magnitude is closest to a target magnitude ( by default). There is no guarantee that SLEPc will return the exact number of eigenvalues requested. This can be used on both non-DDM and DDM simulation setup.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3
>>>
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 2)
>>> u.setconstraint(sur)
>>>
>>> elasticity = formulation()
>>>
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, predefinedelasticity(dof(u), tf(u), 150e-, 0.3))
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, -2300*dtdt(dof(u)) * tf(u)) # 2300 is mass density
>>>
>>> # Iterative eigen solver
>>> eig = eigenvalue(elasticity)
>>> eig.settolerance(1e-6, 1000)
>>> eig.allcompute(1e-6, 1000, 5, 0)
See Also
compute
def compute( self, numeigenvaluestocompute: int, targeteigenvaluemagnitude: float = 0.0 ) ‑> None
This is a direct eigen solver that attempts to compute the first numeigenvaluestocompute
eigenvalues whose magnitude is closest to a target magnitude ( by default). There is no guarantee that SLEPc will return the exact number of eigenvalues requested. This should be used only for non-DDM simulations, i.e when using single node count.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3
>>>
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 2)
>>> u.setconstraint(sur)
>>>
>>> elasticity = formulation()
>>>
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, predefinedelasticity(dof(u), tf(u), 150e-, 0.3))
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, -2300*dtdt(dof(u)) * tf(u)) # 2300 is mass density
>>>
>>> # Direct eigen solver (works only for non-DDM simulation)
>>> elasticity.generate()
>>> eig = eigenvalue(elasticity.K(), elasticity.M())
>>> eig.compute(5, 0)
See Also
count
def count( self ) ‑> int
This gets the number of eigenvalues found by SLEPc.
geteigenvalueimaginarypart
def geteigenvalueimaginarypart( self ) ‑> List[float]
This gets the imaginary part of all eigenvalues found.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3
>>>
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 2)
>>> u.setconstraint(sur)
>>>
>>> elasticity = formulation()
>>>
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, predefinedelasticity(dof(u), tf(u), 150e-, 0.3))
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, -2300*dtdt(dof(u)) * tf(u)) # 2300 is mass density
>>>
>>> # Iterative eigen solver
>>> eig = eigenvalue(elasticity)
>>> eig.settolerance(1e-6, 1000)
>>> eig.allcompute(1e-6, 1000, 5, 0)
>>>
>>> eig.printeigenfrequencies()
>>>
>>> eigenvalue_real = eig.geteigenvaluerealpart()
>>> eigenvalue_imag = eig.geteigenvalueimaginarypart()
>>>
>>> eigenvector_real = eig.geteigenvectorrealpart()
>>> eigenvector_imag = eig.geteigenvectorimaginarypart()
geteigenvaluerealpart
def geteigenvaluerealpart( self ) ‑> List[float]
This gets the real part of all eigenvalues found.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3
>>>
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 2)
>>> u.setconstraint(sur)
>>>
>>> elasticity = formulation()
>>>
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, predefinedelasticity(dof(u), tf(u), 150e-, 0.3))
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, -2300*dtdt(dof(u)) * tf(u)) # 2300 is mass density
>>>
>>> # Iterative eigen solver
>>> eig = eigenvalue(elasticity)
>>> eig.settolerance(1e-6, 1000)
>>> eig.allcompute(1e-6, 1000, 5, 0)
>>>
>>> eig.printeigenfrequencies()
>>>
>>> eigenvalue_real = eig.geteigenvaluerealpart()
>>> eigenvalue_imag = eig.geteigenvalueimaginarypart()
>>>
>>> eigenvector_real = eig.geteigenvectorrealpart()
>>> eigenvector_imag = eig.geteigenvectorimaginarypart()
geteigenvectorimaginarypart
def geteigenvectorimaginarypart( self ) ‑> List[quanscient.vec]
This gets the imaginary part of all eigenvectors found.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3
>>>
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 2)
>>> u.setconstraint(sur)
>>>
>>> elasticity = formulation()
>>>
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, predefinedelasticity(dof(u), tf(u), 150e-, 0.3))
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, -2300*dtdt(dof(u)) * tf(u)) # 2300 is mass density
>>>
>>> # Iterative eigen solver
>>> eig = eigenvalue(elasticity)
>>> eig.settolerance(1e-6, 1000)
>>> eig.allcompute(1e-6, 1000, 5, 0)
>>>
>>> eig.printeigenfrequencies()
>>>
>>> eigenvalue_real = eig.geteigenvaluerealpart()
>>> eigenvalue_imag = eig.geteigenvalueimaginarypart()
>>>
>>> eigenvector_real = eig.geteigenvectorrealpart()
>>> eigenvector_imag = eig.geteigenvectorimaginarypart()
geteigenvectorrealpart
def geteigenvectorrealpart( self ) ‑> List[quanscient.vec]
This gets the real part of all eigenvectors found.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3
>>>
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 2)
>>> u.setconstraint(sur)
>>>
>>> elasticity = formulation()
>>>
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, predefinedelasticity(dof(u), tf(u), 150e-, 0.3))
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, -2300*dtdt(dof(u)) * tf(u)) # 2300 is mass density
>>>
>>> # Iterative eigen solver
>>> eig = eigenvalue(elasticity)
>>> eig.settolerance(1e-6, 1000)
>>> eig.allcompute(1e-6, 1000, 5, 0)
>>>
>>> eig.printeigenfrequencies()
>>>
>>> eigenvalue_real = eig.geteigenvaluerealpart()
>>> eigenvalue_imag = eig.geteigenvalueimaginarypart()
>>>
>>> eigenvector_real = eig.geteigenvectorrealpart()
>>> eigenvector_imag = eig.geteigenvectorimaginarypart()
printeigenfrequencies
def printeigenfrequencies( self ) ‑> None
This method provides a convenient way to print the eigenfrequencies associated with all eigenvalues calculated for a mechanical resonance problem. In case a generalized eigenvalue problem is used to calculate the resonance modes of an undamped mechanical problem, this method displays the resonance frequency of each calculated resonance mode. In case a second-order polynomial eigenvalue problem is used to calculate the resonance modes of a damped mechanical problem this function displays not only the damped resonance frequency of each resonance mode but also the undamped resonance frequency (only valid in case of proportional damping), the bandwidth, the damping ratio and the quality factor.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3
>>>
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 2)
>>> u.setconstraint(sur)
>>>
>>> elasticity = formulation()
>>>
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, predefinedelasticity(dof(u), tf(u), 150e-, 0.3))
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, -2300*dtdt(dof(u)) * tf(u)) # 2300 is mass density
>>>
>>> # Direct eigen solver (works only for non-DDM simulation)
>>> elasticity.generate()
>>> eig = eigenvalue(elasticity.K(), elasticity.M())
>>> eig.compute(5, 0)
>>>
>>> eig.printeigenfrequencies()
printeigenvalues
def printeigenvalues( self ) ‑> None
This prints the eigenvalues found.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3
>>>
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 2)
>>> u.setconstraint(sur)
>>>
>>> elasticity = formulation()
>>>
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, predefinedelasticity(dof(u), tf(u), 150e-, 0.3))
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, -2300*dtdt(dof(u)) * tf(u)) # 2300 is mass density
>>>
>>> # Direct eigen solver (works only for non-DDM simulation)
>>> elasticity.generate()
>>> eig = eigenvalue(elasticity.K(), elasticity.M())
>>> eig.compute(5, 0)
>>>
>>> eig.printeigenvalues()
settolerance
def settolerance( self, reltol: float, maxnumits: int ) ‑> None
This sets the tolerance and maximum number of iterations for the iterative eigen solver. The settolerance
should be called only if eigenvalue.allcompute()
is used to solve the eigen problem.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3
>>>
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 2)
>>> u.setconstraint(sur)
>>>
>>> elasticity = formulation()
>>>
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, predefinedelasticity(dof(u), tf(u), 150e-, 0.3))
>>> elasticity += integral(vol, -2300*dtdt(dof(u)) * tf(u)) # 2300 is mass density
>>>
>>> # Iterative eigen solver
>>> eig = eigenvalue(elasticity)
>>> eig.settolerance(1e-6, 1000)
>>> eig.allcompute(1e-6, 1000, 5, 0)
expression
class expression( **kwargs )
The expression object holds a mathematical expression made of operators (such as +, -, *, /), fields, parameters, square operators, abs operators and so on.
Examples
An empty expression object can be created as:
>>> myexpression = expression()
An expression object can be a scalar:
>>> myexpression = expression(2)
>>> myexpression.print()
Expression size is 1x1
@ row 0, col 0 :
2
An expression object can also be a vector or a 2D array. For this three arguments are required. The first and second arguments specify the number of rows and the number of columns respectively. The expression object is filled with input expressions provided as a list in the third argument. The general syntax is expression(numrows:int, numcols:int, input:List[expression]
>>> myexpression = expression(1,3, [1,2,3])
>>> myexpression.print()
Expression size is 1x3
@ row 0, col 0 : 1
@ row 0, col 1 : 2
@ row 0, col 2 : 3
In a 2D array expression, the inputs are set in row-major order. In the example below, the entry at the index pair (1,0) in the created expression is set to and the entry (1,2) to .
>>> myexpression = expression(3,3, [1,2,3, 4,5,6, 7,8,9]) # creates a 3x3 sized expression array
>>> myexpression.at(1,0).evaluate()
4.0
>>> myexpression.at(1,2).evaluate()
6.0
A symmetric expression array can also be created by only providing the input list corresponding to the lower triangular part:
>>> myexpression = expression(3,3, [1,2,3, 4,5,6])
>>> myexpression.print()
A diagonal expression array can also be created by only providing the input list corresponding to the diagonal elements:
>>> myexpression = expression(3,3, [1,2,3])
>>> myexpression.print()
Note that to create a symmetric or diagonal expression array, the size must correspond to a square array (number of rows = number of columns).
The expression input can also be made of fields. For example:
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> myexpression = expression(2,3, [12,v,v*(1-v), 3,14-v,0])
An expression array object can be obtained from the row-wise and column-wise concatenation of input expressions using the syntax expression(input:[List[List[expression]]
. Every element in the argument input (i.e. input[0], input[1], ..) is concatenated column-wise with others. Every expression in input[i] (i.e input[i][0], input[i][1], ..) is concatenated row-wise with the other expressions in that List.
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> blockleft = expression(3,1, [1,2*v,3])
>>> blockrighttop = expression(1,2, [4,5])
>>> blockrightbottom = expression(2,2, [6,7,8,9])
>>> exprconcatenated = expression([[blockleft], [blockrighttop,blockrightbottom]])
>>> exprconcatenated.print()
Expression size is 3x3
@ row 0, col 0 : 1
@ row 0, col 1 : 4
@ row 0, col 2 : 5
@ row 1, col 0 : field * 2
@ row 1, col 1 : 6
@ row 1, col 2 : 7
@ row 2, col 0 : 3
@ row 2, col 1 : 8
@ row 2, col 2 : 9
It is also useful in many cases to create a conditional expression. It takes the form expression(condexpr:expression, exprtrue:expression, exprfalse:expression)
. If the first argument is greater than equal to zero then the expression is equal to the expression provided in the second argument. If smaller than zero, then it is equal to the expression in the third argument.
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3
>>> x = field("x"); y = field("y")
>>> expr = expression(x+y, 2*x, 0)
>>> expr.write(top, "conditionalexpr.vtk", 1)
>>> expr.print()
Expression size is 1x1
@ row 0, col 0 : (x + y) ? x * 2, 0)
An expression can be used to define an algebraic relation between two variables as in the example below:
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3
>>> C = field("h1") # temperature field in Celsius
>>> F = field("h1") # temperature field in Fahrenheit
>>> F = (9.0/5.0)*C + 32 # Relation for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit
>>> F.write(top, "F.vtk", 1)
In the above example, an algebraic relation between two variables was already known allowing us to create an expression that is continuous. However, if the data is from an experiment, they are usually not continuous. As an application example, if measurements of a material stiffness (Young's modulus ) have been performed for a set of temperatures , then only a discrete data set exists between variable and . A discrete data set can be converted to a continuous function ( as a function of ) using cubic splines which allows us to interpolate at any value in the measured discrete temperature range. Using this spline object an expression can be defined that provides cubic spline interpolation of Young's modulus in the measured discrete temperature range. Refer to the spline
object for more details.
>>> discrete data set from measurement
>>> temperature = [273,300,320,340]
>>> youngsmodulus = [5e9,4e9,5e9,1e9]
>>>
>>> spline object: allows interpolation in the measured data range
>>> spl = spline(temperature, youngsmodulus)
>>>
>>> # expression interpolating E at temperature 310.
>>> # 'spl' holds the interpolation function information.
>>> E = expression(spl, 310)
>>> E.print()
Expression size is 1x1
@ row 0, col 0 :
spline(310)
>>>
>>> # expression interpolating E for space-dependent temperature profile.
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> T = field("h1") # space dependent temperature profile
>>> E = expression(spl, T) # space dependent Young's modulus
>>> E.write(top, "E.vtk", 1)
The expression object is much more versatile. Say, we have to define an electric supply voltage profile in time that is:
- 0V for time before 1 sec.
- increases linearly from 0V to 1V for time range [1,3] sec.
- 1V for time after 3 sec. This can be created as shown below in the example. The following creates a conditional expression for the intervals defined in the first argument for the time variable t(). In the below example, the defined interval is [1.0,3.0]. This provides information in three intervals:
- interval 1: from to 1.0
- interval 2: between 1.0 to 3.0
- interval 3: from 3.0 to The second argument holds three expressions, each valid in the sequence of the respective interval defined above. The third argument specifies the variable input (time in this case). Printing the expression object provides insight into the conditional expression created with these inputs.
>>> vsupply = expression([1.0,3.0], [0, 0.5*(t()-1), 1.0], t())
>>> vsupply.print()
Expression size is 1x1
@ row 0, col 0 : ((t + -3) ? 1, ((t + -1) ? (t + -1) * 0.5, 0))
TODO: CUSTOM EXPRESSION
Methods
allintegrate
def allintegrate( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> float
This is a collective MPI operation and hence must be called by all ranks. This integrates an expression across all the DDM ranks.
Examples
...
>>> integralvalue = myexpression.allintegrate(vol, 4)
>>>
>>> # allintegrate on a mesh deformed by field 'u'
>>> integralvalueondeformedmesh = myexpression.allintegrate(vol, u, 4)
allinterpolate
def allinterpolate( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> List[float]
This is a collective MPI operation and hence must be called by all ranks. Its functionality is as described in expression.interpolate()
but considers the physical region partitioned across the DDM ranks. The xyz coordinate argument must be the same for all ranks.
Examples
>>> ...
>>> interpolated = array3x1(x,y,z).allinterpolate (vol, {0.5,0.6,0.05})
>>>
>>> # allinterpolate on a mesh deformed by field 'u'
>>> interpolated = array3x1(x,y,z).allinterpolate (vol, u, {0.5,0.6,0.05})
allmax
def allmax( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> List[float]
This is a collective MPI operation and hence must be called by all ranks. It computes the max value across all the DDM ranks. The evaluation of the max value can be restricted to a box or evaluated on a deformed mesh similar to as described in expression.max()
.
See Also
expression.max()
, expression.allmin()
allmin
def allmin( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> List[float]
This is a collective MPI operation and hence must be called by all ranks. It computes the min value across all the DDM ranks. The evaluation of the min value can be restricted to a box or evaluated on a deformed mesh similar to as described in expression.min()
.
See Also
expression.min()
, expression.allmax()
at
def at( self, row: int, col: int ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns the entry at the requested row and column.
Example
>>> myexpression = expression(2,2, [1,2, 3,4])
>>> myexpression.at(0,1)
2
atbarycenter
def atbarycenter( self, physreg: int, onefield: field ) ‑> quanscient.vec
This outputs a vec
object whose structure is based on the field argument onefield
and which contains the expression evaluated at the barycenter of each reference element of physical region physreg
. The barycenter of the reference element might not be identical to the barycenter of the actual element in the mesh (for curved elements, for general quadrangles, hexahedra and prisms). The evaluation at barycenter is constant on each mesh element.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> x = field("x"); f = field("one")
>>>
>>> # Evaluating the expression
>>> (12*x).write(vol, "expression.vtk", 1)
>>>
>>>> # Evaluating the same expression at barycenter
>>> myvec = (12*x).atbarycenter(vol, f)
>>> f.setdata(vol, myvec)
>>> f.write(vol, "barycentervalues.vtk", 1)
countcolumns
def countcolumns( self ) ‑> int
This counts the number of columns in an expression.
Example
>>> myexpression = expression(2,1, [0,1])
>>> myexpression.countcolumns()
1
countrows
def countrows( self ) ‑> int
This counts the number of rows in an expression.
Example
>>> myexpression = expression(2,1, [0,1])
>>> myexpression.countrows()
2
evaluate
def evaluate( self ) ‑> float
This evaluates a scalar, space-independent expression.
Example
>>> settime(0.5)
>>> expr = 2*abs(-5*t())+3
>>> expr.evaluate()
8.0
getcolumn
def getcolumn( self, colnum: int ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns for a matrix expression the column corresponding to the specified input index colnum
.
Example
>>> myexpression = expression(2,2, [0,1, 2,3])
>>> subexpr = myexpression.getcolumn(0)
>>> subexpr.print()
Expression size is 2x1
@ row 0, col 0 : 0
@ row 0, col 1 : 2
getrow
def getrow( self, rownum: int ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This returns for a matrix expression the row corresponding to the specified input index rownum
.
Example
>>> myexpression = expression(2,2, [0,1, 2,3])
>>> subexpr = myexpression.getrow(1)
>>> subexpr.print()
Expression size is 1x2
@ row 0, col 0 : 2
@ row 0, col 1 : 3
integrate
def integrate( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> float
This integrates an expression over the physical region physreg
. The integration is exact up to the order of polynomials specified in the argument integrationorder
. Integrate expression(1)
to calculate volume/area/ length. For axisymmetric problems, the value returned is the integral of the requested expression times the coordinate change Jacobian. In the case of axisymmetry, the volume/area/length of the 3D shape corresponding to the physical region on which to integrate can be obtained by integrating expression(1)
and multiplying the output by .
Examples
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> myexpression = expression(12.0)
>>> integralvalue = myexpression.integrate(vol, 4)
>>>
>>> # integrate on a mesh deformed by field 'u'
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> integralvalueondeformedmesh = myexpression.integrate(vol, u, 4)
interpolate
def interpolate( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This interpolates the expression at a single point whose [x,y,z] coordinate is provided as an argument. The flattened interpolated expression values are returned if the point was found in the elements of the physical region physreg
. If not found an empty list is returned. An expression can also be interpolated on a deformed mesh by passing its corresponding field.
Examples
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> x=field("x"); y=field("y"); z=field("z")
>>> xyzcoord = [0.5,0.6,0.05]
>>>
>>> interpolated = array3x1(x,y,z).interpolate(vol, xyzcoord)
>>> interpolated
[0.5, 0.6, 0.05]
>>>
>>> # interpolation on the mesh deformed by field 'u'
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> interpolated = array3x1(x,y,z).interpolate(vol, u, xyzcoord)
isscalar
def isscalar( self ) ‑> bool
This returns True if the expression is a scalar (i.e. has a single row and column).
Examples
>>> myexpression = expression(12.0)
>>> myexpression.isscalar()
True
>>> myexpression = expression(2,2, [0,1, 2,3])
>>> myexpression.isscalar()
False
iszero
def iszero( self ) ‑> bool
This returns True if all the entries in the expression is zero, otherwise False.
Examples
>>> myexpression = expression(12.0)
>>> myexpression.iszero()
False
>>> myexpression = expression(0.0)
>>> myexpression.iszero()
True
>>> myexpression = expression(2,2, [0,0, 0,0])
>>> myexpression.iszero()
True
>>> myexpression = expression(2,2, [1,0, 0,0])
>>> myexpression.iszero()
False
max
def max( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> List[float]
This gives the max value of the expression over the geometric region physreg
. The max value is obtained by splitting all elements refinement
times in each direction. Increasing the refinement will thus lead to a more accurate max value, but at an increased computational cost. The max value is exact when the refinement nodes added to the elements correspond to the position of max. For a first-order nodal shape function interpolation, on a mesh that is not curved, the max is always exact to machine precision.
Examples
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> x = field("x")
>>> maxdata = (2*x).max(vol, 1)
>>> maxdata[0]
2.0
The search of the max value can be restricted to a box delimited by the last argument whose form is [xboxmin,xboxmax, yboxmin, yboxmin, zboxmax, zboxmin]. The output returned is a list of the form [maxvalue, xcoordmax, ycoordmax, zcoordmax] or an empty list if the physical region argument is empty or is not in the box provided. If the argument defining the box is not provided, then the whole geometric region is considered for evaluating the max value.
>>> maxdatainbox = (2*x).max(vol, 5, [-2,0, -2,2, -2,2])
The max value can also be evaluated on the geometry deformed by a field (possibly a curved mesh). The max location and the delimiting box are on the undeformed mesh.
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> maxdataondeformedmesh = (2*x).max(vol, u, 1)
See Also
min
def min( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> List[float]
This gives the min value of the expression over the geometric region physreg
. The min value is obtained by splitting all elements refinement
times in each direction. Increasing the refinement will thus lead to a more accurate min value, but at an increased computational cost. The min value is exact when the refinement nodes added to the elements correspond to the position of min. For a first-order nodal shape function interpolation, on a mesh that is not curved, the min is always exact to machine precision.
Examples
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> x = field("x")
>>> mindata = (2*x).min(vol, 1)
>>> mindata[0]
-2.0
The search of the min value can be restricted to a box delimited by the last argument whose form is [xboxmin,xboxmax, yboxmin, yboxmin, zboxmax, zboxmin]. The output returned is a list of the form [maxvalue, xcoordmax, ycoordmax, zcoordmax] or an empty list if the physical region argument is empty or is not in the box provided. If the argument defining the box is not provided, then the whole geometric region is considered for evaluating the min value.
>>> mindatainbox = (2*x).min(vol, 5, [-2,0, -2,2, -2,2])
The min value can also be evaluated on the geometry deformed by a field (possibly a curved mesh). The min location and the delimiting box are on the undeformed mesh.
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> mindataondeformedmesh = (2*x).min(vol, u, 1)
See Also
print
def print( self ) ‑> None
This prints the expression to the console.
Example
>>> myexpression = expression(2,2, [0,1, 2,3])
>>> myexpression.print()
Expression size is 2x2
@ row 0, col 0 : 0
@ row 0, col 1 : 1
@ row 1, col 0 : 2
@ row 1, col 1 : 3
reordercolumns
def reordercolumns( self, neworder: List[int] ) ‑> None
This reorders the columns of a matrix expression in the specified order neworder
.
Example
>>> expr = expression(2,2, [0,1, 2,3])
0 1
2 3
>>> expr.reordercolumns([1,0])
1 0
3 2
reorderrows
def reorderrows( self, neworder: List[int] ) ‑> None
This reorders the rows of a matrix expression in the specified order neworder
.
Example
>>> expr = expression(2,2, [0,1, 2,3])
0 1
2 3
>>> expr.reorderrows([1,0])
2 3
0 1
resize
def resize( self, numrows: int, numcols: int ) ‑> quanscient.expression
This resizes an expression. Any newly created expression entry is set to zero.
Example
>>> myexpression = expression(2,2, [1,2, 3,4])
>>> resizedexpr = myexpression.resize(1,3)
>>> resizedexpr.print()
Expression size is 1x3
@ row 0, col 0 : 1
@ row 0, col 1 : 2
@ row 0, col 2 : 0
reuseit
def reuseit( self, istobereused: bool = True ) ‑> None
In case an expression appears multiple times, say in a formulation, and requires much time to compute, then the expression can be reused by calling this method and setting istobereused=True
. With this, the expression is computed only once to assemble a formulation block and reused as long as its value remains changed.
Example
>>> myexpression = expression(12.0)
>>> myexpression.resuseit() # myexpression.resuseit(True)
rotate
def rotate( self, ax: float, ay: float, az: float, leftop: str = 'default', rightop: str = 'default' ) ‑> None
streamline
def streamline( self, physreg: int, filename: str, startcoords: List[float], stepsize: float, downstreamonly: bool = False ) ‑> None
This follows and writes to disk all paths tangent to the expression vector that are starting at a set of points whose , and coordinates are provided in startcoords
. These coordinates can for example be obtained via .getcoords()
on a shape object. A fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm is used. The stepsize
argument is related to the distance between two vector direction updates; decrease it to more accurately follow the paths. The paths will be followed as long as they remain in the physical region physreg
. In case the vector norm is zero somewhere on the paths or a path is a closed loop then the function might enter an infinite loop and never return. To use this function on closed loops (for example to get magnetic field lines of a permanent magnet) a solution is to break the loops by excluding the permanent magnet domain from the physical region (selectexclusion
) function can be called for that) and set the starting coordinates on the boundary of the magnet.
Example
>>> vol = 1
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> x=field("x"); y=field("y"); z=field("z")
>>> startcoords = 12*3*[0.05] # list of 36 elements with each element value being 0.05
>>> for i in range(0,12):
... startcoords[3*i+0] += 0.1 + 0.05*i
>>> array3x1(y+2*x, -y+2*x, 0).streamline(vol, "streamlines.vtk", startcoords, 1.0/100.0)
write
def write( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This evaluates an expression in the physical region physreg
and writes it to the file filename
. The lagrangeorder
is the order of interpolation for evaluation of the expression.
Examples
>>> # setup
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> v = field("h1", [1,2,3])
>>> u.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>>
>>> # interpolation order for writing an expression
>>> (1e8*u).write(vol, "uorder1.vtk", 1) # interpolation order is 1
>>> (1e8*u).write(vol, "uorder3.vtk", 3) # interpolation order is 3
In the example below, an additional integer input is passed in the second argument. The here means that the expression is treated as multi-harmonic, nonlinear in time variable and an FFT is performed to get the first harmonics. All harmonics whose magnitude is above a threshold are saved with '_harm i' extension (except for time-constant harmonic).
>>> abs(v).write(vol, 10, "order1.vtk", 1) # interpolation order is 1
>>> (u*u).write(vol, 10, "order3.vtk", 3) # interpolation order is 3
In the example below, an additional integer input is instead passed as the last argument posterior to the interpolation order argument. This represents that numtimesteps
(default=-1). For a positive value of , the multi-harmonic expression is saved at equidistant timesteps in the fundamental period and can then be visualized in time.
>>> (1e8*u).write(vol, "uintime.vtk", 2, 50)
The expressions can also be evaluated and written on a mesh deformed by a field. If field 'v' is the deformed mesh, then:
>>> (1e8*u).write(vol, v, "uorder1.vtk", 1)
>>> (u*u).write(vol, 10, v, "order3.vtk", 3)
>>> (1e8*u).write(vol, v, "uintime.vtk", 2, 50)
field
class field( **kwargs )
The field object holds the information of the finite element fields. The field object itself only holds a pointer to a 'rawfield' object.
Examples
Example 1: field(fieldtypename:str)
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.h")
>>> v = field("h1")
This creates a field object with the specified shape functions. The full list of shape functions available are:
- Nodal shape functions "h1" e.g. for electrostatic potential and acoustic or fluid pressure.
- Two-components nodal shape functions "h1xy" e.g. for 2D mechanical displacements and 2D fluid velocity.
- Three-components nodal shape functions "h1xyz" e.g. for 3D mechanical displacements and 3D fluid velocity.
- Nedelec's edge shape functions "hcurl" e.g. for the electric field in the E-formulation of electromagnetic wave propagation (here order 0 is allowed).
- "one", one0", one1", one2", one3" (trailing "xy" or "xyz" allowed) shape functions have a single shape function equal to a constant one on respectively an n, 0, 1, 2, 3-dimensional element (n is the geometry dimension).
- "h1d", "h1d0", "h1d1", "h1d2", "h1d3" (trailing "xy" or "xyz" allowed) shape functions are elementwise-"h1" shape functions that allow storing fields that are fully discontinuous between elements.
Additionally, types "x", "y" and "z" can be used to define the x, y and z coordinate fields.
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.h")
>>> x = field("x")
>>> y = field("y")
>>> z = field("z")
Example 2: field(fieldtypename:str, harmonicnumbers:List[int])
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> v = field("h1", [1,4,5,6])
Consider the infinite Fourier series of a field that is periodic in time:
where is the time variable, is the space variable and is the fundamental frequency of the periodic field. The coefficients only depend on the space variable, not on the time variables which have now moved to the sines and cosines. In the example above, field is a multi-harmonic "h1" type field that includes harmonic fields: the , , and fields in the truncated Fourier series above. All other harmonics in the infinite Fourier series are supposed to equal zero so that the field can be rewritten as:
This is the truncated multi-harmonic representation of field (which must be periodic in time). The following can be used to get the harmonic from field . It can then be used like any other field.
>>> v4 = v.harmonic(4)
Example 3: field(fieldtypename:str, spantree:spanningtree)
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3
>>> spantree = spanningtree([sur, top])
>>> a = field("hcurl", spantree)
This adds the spanning tree input argument needed when the field has to be gauged. (e.g. for the magnetic vector potential formulation of the magnetostatic problem in 3D).
Example 3: field(fieldtypename:str, harmonicnumbers:List[int], spantree:spanningtree)
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3
>>> spantree = spanningtree([sur, top])
>>> aharmonic = field("hcurl", [2,3], spantree)
This adds the spanning tree input argument needed when a field has to be gauged.
Methods
allintegrate
def allintegrate( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> float
allinterpolate
def allinterpolate( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> List[float]
allmax
def allmax( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> List[float]
allmin
def allmin( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> List[float]
atbarycenter
def atbarycenter( self, physreg: int, onefield: field ) ‑> quanscient.vec
This outputs a vec
object whose structure is based on the field argument onefield
and which contains the field evaluated at the barycenter of each reference element of physical region physreg
. The barycenter of the reference element might not be identical to the barycenter of the actual element in the mesh (for curved elements, for general quadrangles, hexahedra and prisms). The evaluation at barycenter is constant on each mesh element.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1"); f = field("one")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>>
>>> # Evaluating the field
>>> v.write(vol, "expression.vtk", 1)
>>>
>>>> # Evaluating the same field at barycenter
>>> myvec = v.atbarycenter(vol, f)
>>> f.setdata(vol, myvec)
>>> f.write(vol, "barycentervalues.vtk", 1)
automaticupdate
def automaticupdate( self, updateit: bool ) ‑> None
comp
def comp( self, component: int ) ‑> quanscient.field
This gets the , or component of a field with subfields.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> ux = u.comp(0)
>>> uy = u.comp(1)
>>> uz = u.comp(2)
compx
def compx( self ) ‑> quanscient.field
This gets the component of a field with multiple subfields.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> ux = u.compx()
compy
def compy( self ) ‑> quanscient.field
This gets the component of a field with multiple subfields.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> uy = u.compy()
compz
def compz( self ) ‑> quanscient.field
This gets the component of a field with multiple subfields.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> uz = u.compz()
cos
def cos( self, freqindex: int ) ‑> quanscient.field
This gets the "h1xyz" type field that is the harmonic at freqindex
times the fundamental frequency in field .
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> u = field("h1xyz", [1,2,3,4,5])
>>> uc = u.cos(0) # gets the harmonic 1
countcomponents
def countcomponents( self ) ‑> int
This returns the number of components in the field.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> E = field("hcurl")
>>> numcomp = E.countcomponents()
>>> numcomp
3
getharmonics
def getharmonics( self ) ‑> List[int]
This returns the list of harmonics of the field object.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> v = field("h1", [1,4,5,6])
>>> myharms = v.getharmonics()
>>> myharms
[1, 4, 5, 6]
getnodalvalues
def getnodalvalues( self, nodenumbers: indexmat ) ‑> quanscient.densemat
This gets the values of a "h1" type field at a set of nodenumbers
.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> nodenums = indexmat(5,1, [0,1,2,3,4])
>>> outvals = v.getnodalvalues(nodenums) # returns a densemat
>>> outvals.print()
harmonic
def harmonic( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> quanscient.field
This gets a "h1xyz" type field that includes the harmonicnumber(s)
.
Examples
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> u = field("h1xyz", [1,2,3])
>>> u2 = u.harmonic(2) # gets harmonic 2 of field u
>>> u23 = u.harmonic([1,3]) # gets harmonics 1 and 3 of field u
This gets a "h1xyz" type field that includes the harmonicnumber(s)
.
Examples
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> u = field("h1xyz", [1,2,3])
>>> u2 = u.harmonic(2) # gets harmonic 2 of field u
>>> u23 = u.harmonic([1,3]) # gets harmonics 1 and 3 of field u
integrate
def integrate( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> float
interpolate
def interpolate( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
loadraw
def loadraw( self, filename: str, isbinary: bool = False ) ‑> List[float]
This loads the .slz file created with the writeraw
method. If the .slz file was written in the binary format then isbinary
argument must be set to True else to False. The same mesh must be used when loading with loadraw
as the one that was used during the corresponding writeraw
call.
Example
>>> vol = 1
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.loadraw("v.slz.gz", True)
max
def max( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> List[float]
min
def min( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> List[float]
noautomaticupdate
def noautomaticupdate( self ) ‑> None
After this call, the field and all its subfields will not have their value automatically updated after hp-adaptivity. If the automatic update is not needed then this call is recommended to avoid a possible costly field value update.
Example
>>> ...
>>> v.noautomaticupdate()
print
def print( self ) ‑> None
This prints the field name.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setname("velocity")
>>> v.print()
velocity
printharmonics
def printharmonics( self ) ‑> None
This prints a string showing the harmonics in the field.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> v = field("h1", [1,4,5,6])
>>> v.printharmonics()
+vc0*cos(0*pif0t) +vs2*sin(4*pif0t) +vc2*cos(4*pif0t) +vs3*sin(6*pif0t)
setcohomologysources
def setcohomologysources( self, cutvalues: List[float] ) ‑> None
This method assigns cohomology coefficients to the field. The field value is reset to zero on the cohomology regions before the coefficients are added on their respective regions.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh()
>>> mymesh.setcohomologycuts([chreg1, chreg2])
>>> mymesh.load("disk.msh")
>>> v = field("hcurl")
>>> ...
>>> v.setcohomologysources([100, 50])
>>> v.write(chreg1, "v.pos", 1)
setconditionalconstraint
def setconditionalconstraint( self, physreg: int, condexpr: expression, valexpr: expression ) ‑> None
This forces the field value (i.e. Dirichlet constraint) on the region physreg
to a value valexpr
for all node-associated degrees of freedom for which the condition condexpr
evaluates to greater than or equal to zero at the nodes. This should only be used for fields with "h1" type functions.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; top=3
>>> v=field("h1"); x=field("x"); y=field("y")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> v.setconditionalconstraint(vol, x+y, 12)
>>>
>>> form = formulation()
>>> form += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v) - 1*tf(v))
>>> form.generate()
>>> sol = solve(form.A(), form.b()) # returns a vec object
>>> v.setdata(vol, sol)
>>> v.write(top, "v.vtk", 1)
setconstraint
def setconstraint( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This forces the field value (i.e. Dirichlet condition) on the region physreg
to input
expression. An extra int argument extraintegrationdegree
can be used to increase or decrease the default integration order when computing the projection of the expression on the field. Increasing it can give a more accurate computation of the expression but might take longer. The default integration order is equal to "field order ". Dirichlet constraints have priority over conditional constraints and gauge conditions. Defining any of these on a Dirichlet constrained region has no effect.
Examples
Example 1: field.setconstraint(physreg:int, input:expression, extraintegrationdegree:int=0)
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> w = field("h1")
>>> v.setconstraint(vol, 12+w*w)
This forces the field value (i.e Dirichlet constraint) on region vol to expression .
Example 2: field.setconstraint(physreg:int, meshdeform:expression, input:expression, extraintegrationdegree:int=0)
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> v.setconstraint(vol, u, expression(12))
This forces the field value on region vol to expression but on a mesh deformed by meshdeform
.
Example 3: field.setconstraint(physreg:int, input:List[expression], input:expression, extraintegrationdegree:int=0)
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1", [2,3])
>>> v.setconstraint(vol, [1,0]) # sets 1 for harmonic 2, 0 for harmonic 3
This sets a Dirichlet constraint with the given value for each field harmonic.
Example 4: field.setconstraint(physreg:int, meshdeform:expression, input:List[expression], extraintegrationdegree:int=0)
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1", [2,3])
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> v.setconstraint(vol, u, [1,0]) # sets 1 for harmonic 2, 0 for harmonic 3
This sets a Dirichlet constraint for each field harmonic with the given expression computed on a mesh deformed by meshdeform
.
Example 5: field.setconstraint(physreg:int, numfftharms:int, input:expression, extraintegrationdegree:int=0)
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v1 = field("h1", [2,3])
>>> v2 = field("h1", [1,4,5])
>>> v2.setconstraint(vol, 5, v1*v1)
>>> v2.write(vol, "v2.vtk", 1)
This calls an FFT for the calculation required for nonlinear multi-harmonic expressions. The FFT is computed at numfftharms
timesteps.
Example 6: field.setconstraint(physreg:int, numfftharms:int, meshdeform:expression, input:expression, extraintegrationdegree:int=0)
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v1 = field("h1", [2,3])
>>> v2 = field("h1", [1,4,5])
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> v2.setconstraint(vol, 5, u, v1*v1)
This calls an FFT for the calculation and the expression is evaluated on a mesh deformed by meshdeform
.
Example 7: field.setconstraint(physreg:int)
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setconstraint(vol)
This forces the field value (i.e. Dirichlet condition) on region vol to .
setdata
def setdata( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This either sets or adds the data in the vector to the field. If the argument op
is "set", then the vector data is set and if it is "add" then the vector data is added to the existing field values.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1"); w = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>>
>>> projection = formulation()
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>> projection.generate()
>>> sol = solve(projection.A(), projection.b())
>>> v.setdata(vol, sol)
setgauge
def setgauge( self, physreg: int ) ‑> None
This sets a gauge condition on regionphysreg
. It must be used e.g. for the magnetic vector potential formulation of the magnetostatic problem in 3D since otherwise, the algebraic system to solve is singular. It is only defined for edge shape functions ("hcurl"). Its effect is to constrain to zero all degrees of freedom corresponding to:
- gradient type shape functions.
- lowest order edge-shape functions for all edges on the spanning tree provided.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3
>>> spantree = spanningtree([sur, top])
>>> a = field("hcurl", spantree)
>>> a.setgauge(vol)
setname
def setname( self, name: str ) ‑> None
This gives a name to the field. Useful when printing expressions including fields.
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setname("velocity")
>>> v.print()
velocity
setnodalvalues
def setnodalvalues( self, nodenumbers: indexmat, values: densemat ) ‑> None
This sets the values of a "h1" type field at a set of nodenumbers
to values
.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> nodenums = indexmat(5,1, [0,1,2,3,4])
>>> nodevals = densemat(5,1, [10,11,12,13,14])
>>> v.setnodalvalues(nodenums, nodevals)
setorder
def setorder( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This sets the specified interpolation order of the field object.
Examples
Example 1: field.setorder(physreg:int, interpolorder:int)
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 3)
This sets the interpolation order to on the physical region 'vol'. When using different interpolation orders on different physical regions for a given field it is only allowed to set the interpolation orders in a decreasing way. i.e starting with the physical region with the highest order and ending with the physical region with the lowest order. This is required to enforce field continuity and is due to the fact the interpolation order on the interface between multiple physical regions must be the one of lowest touching region.
Example 2: field.setorder(criterion:expression, loworder:int, highorder:int)
>>> all=1; inn=2; out=3
>>> n = 20
>>> q0 = shape("quadrangle", all, [0,0,0, 1,0,0, 1,0.3,0, 0,0.3,0], [n,n,n,n])
>>> q1 = shape("quadrangle", all, [1,0,0, 2,0,0, 2,0.3,0, 1,0.3,0], [n,n,n,n])
>>> linein = q0.getsons()[3]
>>> linein.setphysicalregion(inn)
>>> lineout = q1.getsons()[0]
>>> lineout.setphysicalregion(out)
>>> mymesh = mesh([q0, q1, linein, lineout])
>>>
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setname("v")
>>> v.setorder(all, 1)
>>> v.setorder(norm(grad(v)), 1, 5)
>>> v.setconstraint(inn, 1)
>>> v.setconstraint(out)
>>>
>>> electrostatics = formulation()
>>> electrostatics += integral(all, 8.854e-12 * grad(dof(v))*grad(tf(v)))
>>>
>>> for i in range(5):
... electrostatics.solve()
... v.write(all, f"v{100+i}.pos", 5)
... (-grad(v)).write(all, f"E{100+i}.pos", 5)
... fieldorder(v).write(all, f"vorder{100+i}.pos", 1)
...
... adapt(2)
In the above example, the field interpolation order will be adapted on each mesh element (of the entire geometry) based on the value of a positive criterion (p-adaptivity). The max range of the criterion is split into a number of intervals equal to the number of orders in range 'loworder' to 'highorder'. All intervals have the same size. The barycenter value of the criterion on each mesh element is considered to select the interval, and therefore the corresponding interpolation order to assign to the field on each element. As an example, for a criterion with the highest value of 900 over the entire domain and a low/high order requested of 1/3 the field on elements with criterion values in range 0 to 300, 300 to 600, 600 to 900 will be assigned order 1, 2, 3 respectively.
Example 3: field.setorder(targeterror:double, loworder:int, highorder:int, absthres:double)
>>> sur = 1
>>> q = shape("quadrangle", sur, [0,0,0, 1,0,0, 1,1,0, 0,1,0], [20,20,20,20])
>>> mymesh = mesh([q])
>>> v=field("h1xy"); x=field("x"); y=field("y")
>>> v.setorder(sur, 1)
>>> v.setorder(1e-5, 1, 5, 0.001)
>>> for i in range(5):
... v.setvalue(sur, array2x1(0,cos(10*x*y)))
... adapt()
... v.write(sur, f"v{i}.vtu", 5)
... fieldorder(v).write(sur, f"fov{i}.vtu", 1)
The field interpolation order will be adapted on each mesh element (of the entire geometry) based on a criterion measuring the Legendre expansion decay. The target error gives the fraction of the total shape function weight that does not need to be captured. The low order is used on all elements where the total weight is lower than the absolute threshold provided.
setport
def setport( self, physreg: int, primal: port, dual: port ) ‑> None
This function associates a primal-dual pair of ports to the field on the requested physical region. As a side effect, it lowers the field order on that region to the minimum possible. Ports have priority over Dirichlet constraints, conditional constraints and gauge conditions}. Defining any of these on a port region has no effect.
Ports that have been associated to a field with a setport call and unassociated ports are visible to a formulation only if they appear in a port relation (in the example below: electrokinetic += I - 1.0 ). The primal and dual of associated ports are always made visible together even if only of them appears in a port relation. Unassociated ports are not connected to the weak form terms: the primal can be used as the lumped field value on the associated region while the dual can be used as the total contribution over that region of the Neumann term in the formulation. The field value is considered constant by the formulation over the region of each associated port visible to it.
To illustrate the meaning of the dual port let us consider the below DC current flow simulation example code. The strong form to solve is
where is the electric conductivity and is the electric potential field. The corresponding weak form is
which after integration by parts can be rewritten as
where is the boundary of , is the unit normal pointing outward from and . The Neumann term is the second term of the weak formulation. The dual port in the below example, therefore equals the total current flowing through the electrode and thus can be used to impose a total current source condition on the electrode. More details about the associated mathematics can be found in the paper 'Coupling of local and global quantities in various finite element formulations and their application to electrostatics, magnetostatics and magnetodyanmics', Dular et al.
Example
>>> sur=1; left=2; right=3
>>> q = shape("quadrangle", sur, [0,0,0, 1,0,0, 1,1,0, 0,1,0], [10,10,10,10])
>>> ll = q.getsons()[3]
>>> ll.setphysicalregion(left)
>>> rl = q.getsons()[1]
>>> rl.setphysicalregion(right)
>>> mymesh = mesh([q, ll, rl])
>>>
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> y = field("y")
>>> v.setorder(sur, 2)
>>>
>>> # Electric conductivity increasing with the y-coordinate
>>> sigma = expression(0.01*(1+2*y))
>>>
>>> # Ground the right electrode
>>> v.setconstraint(right)
>>>
>>> V = port() # primal port
>>> I = port() # dual port
>>> v.setport(left, V, I)
>>> # The dual port holds the global Neumann term on the port region.
>>> # For an electrokinetic formulation this equals the total current.
>>>
>>> electrokinetic = formulation()
>>> # Set a 1A current flowing in through the left electrode with the port relation I - 1.0 = 0:
>>> elctrokinetic += I - 1.0 # port relation
>>> # Define the weak formulation for the DC current flow:
>>> electrokinetic += integral(sur, -sigma * grad(dof(v) * grad(tf(v))))
>>>
>>> electrokinetic.solve()
>>> v.write(sur, "v.pos", 2)
>>> (-grad(v)*sigma).write(sur, "j.pos", 2)
>>>
>>> resistance = V.getvalue()/I.getvalue()
>>> print(f"Resistance is {resistance} Ohm")
setupdateaccuracy
def setupdateaccuracy( self, extraintegrationorder: int ) ‑> None
This method allows tuning the integration order in the projection used to update the field value after hp-adaptivity. A positive/negative argument increases/decreases the accuracy but slows down/speeds up the update.
Example
>>> ...
>>> v.setupdateaccuracy(2)
setvalue
def setvalue( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This sets the field value on the region physreg
to input
expression. An extra int argument extraintegrationdegree
can be used to increase or decrease the default integration order when computing the projection of the expression on the field. Increasing it can give a more accurate computation of the expression but might take longer. The default integration order is equal to "field order ".
Examples
Example 1: field.setvalue(physreg:int, input:expression, extraintegrationdegree:int=0)
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> v.setvalue(vol, 12)
This sets the field value on region vol to .
Example 2: field.setvalue(physreg:int, meshdeform:expression, input:expression, extraintegrationdegree:int=0)
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> u = feild("h1xyz")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> u.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> v.setvalue(vol, u, expression(12))
This sets the field value on region vol to expression but on a mesh deformed by meshdeform
.
Example 3: field.setvalue(physreg:int, numfftharms:int, input:expression, extraintegrationdegree:int=0)
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v1 = field("h1", [2,3])
>>> v2 = field("h1", [1,4,5])
>>> v1.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> v2.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> v2.setvalue(vol, 5, v1*v1)
>>> v2.write(vol, "v2.vtk", 1)
This calls an FFT for the calculation required for nonlinear multi-harmonic expressions. The FFT is computed at numfftharms
timesteps.
Example 4: field.setvalue(physreg:int, numfftharms:int, meshdeform:expression, input:expression, extraintegrationdegree:int=0)
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v1 = field("h1", [2,3])
>>> v2 = field("h1", [1,4,5])
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> v1.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> v2.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> u.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> v2.setvalue(vol, 5, u, v1*v1)
This calls an FFT for the calculation and the expression is evaluated on a mesh deformed by meshdeform
.
Example 5: field.setvalue(physreg:int)
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> v.setvalue(vol)
This sets the field value on region vol to .
sin
def sin( self, freqindex: int ) ‑> quanscient.field
This gets the "h1xyz" type field that is the harmonic at freqindex
times the fundamental frequency in field .
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> u = field("h1xyz", [1,2,3,4,5])
>>> us = u.sin(2) # gets the harmonic 4
write
def write( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
writeraw
def writeraw( self, physreg: int, filename: str, isbinary: bool = False, extradata: List[float] = [] ) ‑> None
This writes a (possibly multi-harmonic) field on a given region to disk in the compact .slz sparselizard format. If isbinary=False
the output format is in ASCII and with isbinary=True
the output is in binary format. In the latter case, the .slz.gz extension can also be used to write to gz compressed -slz format (the most compact version). While the binary file is more compact on disk it might be less portable across different platforms than the ASCII version. The last input argument allows storing extra data (timestep, parameter values, ..) that can be loaded back from the loadraw
output.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v=field("h1xyz"); x=field("x"); y=field("y"); z=field("z")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 2)
>>> v.setvalue(vol, array3x1(x*x, y*y, z*z))
>>> v.writeraw(vol, "v.slz.gz", True)
formulation
class formulation
The formulation object holds the port relations and the weak form terms of the problem to solve.
Example
The following creates an empty formulation object:
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> myformulation = formulation()
Methods
A
def A( self, keepfragments: bool = False ) ‑> quanscient.mat
This gives the matrix (of ) that was assembled during the formulation.generate()
call. By default the keepfragments
argument is False which means that the generated matrix is no longer kept in the formulation after returning it to a mat
object. However, if you select True for keepfragments
it means the generated matrix is kept in the formulation and will be added to the matrix assembled in any subsequent formulation.generate()
call.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>>
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v), 0, 2)
>>> projection += integral(vol, dt(dof(v))*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>> projection += integral(vol, dtdt(dof(v))*tf(v))
>>>
>>> projection.generate()
>>> A = projection.A(); # equivalent to A = projection.A(keepfragments=False)
See Also
formulation.rhs()
, formulation.b()
C
def C( self, keepfragments: bool = False ) ‑> quanscient.mat
This gives the damping matrix that was assembled during the formulation.generate()
call. The damping matrix is a matrix that is assembled with only those terms in the formulation which have a dof and that dof has a first-order time derivative applied to it (i.e ). For multi-harmonic simulations damping matrix is empty.
By default, the keepfragments
argument is False which means that the generated matrix is no longer kept in the formulation after returning it to a mat
object. However, if you select True for keepfragments
it means the generated matrix is kept in the formulation and will be added to the matrix assembled in any subsequent formulation.generate()
call.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>>
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v), 0, 2)
>>> projection += integral(vol, dt(dof(v))*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>> projection += integral(vol, dtdt(dof(v))*tf(v))
>>>
>>> projection.generate()
>>> C = projection.C(); # equivalent to C = projection.C(keepfragments=False)
See Also
formulation.K()
, formulation.M()
K
def K( self, keepfragments: bool = False ) ‑> quanscient.mat
This gives the stiffness matrix that was assembled during the formulation.generate()
call. The stiffness matrix is a matrix that is assembled with only those terms in the formulation which have a dof and that dof has no time derivative applied to it. For multi-harmonic formulations, the stiffness matrix holds the assembly of all the terms.
By default, the keepfragments
argument is False which means that the generated matrix is no longer kept in the formulation after returning it to a mat
object. However, if you select True for keepfragments
it means the generated matrix is kept in the formulation and will be added to the matrix assembled in any subsequent formulation.generate()
call.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>>
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v), 0, 2)
>>> projection += integral(vol, dt(dof(v))*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>> projection += integral(vol, dtdt(dof(v))*tf(v))
>>>
>>> projection.generate()
>>> K = projection.K(); # equivalent to K = projection.K(keepfragments=False)
See Also
formulation.C()
, formulation.M()
M
def M( self, keepfragments: bool = False ) ‑> quanscient.mat
This gives the mass matrix that was assembled during the formulation.generate()
call. The mass matrix is a matrix that is assembled with only those terms in the formulation which have a dof and that dof has a second-order time derivative applied to it (i.e ). For multi-harmonic simulations mass matrix is empty.
By default, the keepfragments
argument is False which means that the generated matrix is no longer kept in the formulation after returning it to a mat
object. However, if you select True for keepfragments
it means the generated matrix is kept in the formulation and will be added to the matrix assembled in any subsequent formulation.generate()
call.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>>
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v), 0, 2)
>>> projection += integral(vol, dt(dof(v))*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>> projection += integral(vol, dtdt(dof(v))*tf(v))
>>>
>>> projection.generate()
>>> M = projection.M(); # equivalent to M = projection.M(keepfragments=False)
See Also
formulation.K()
, formulation.C()
allcountdofs
def allcountdofs( self ) ‑> int
This is a collective MPI operation and hence must be called by all the ranks. It returns on every rank the global number of degrees of freedom defined in the scattered formulation. The count is exact if for each field the number of unknowns associated to each element matches across touching ranks. It is an estimation otherwise.
allsolve
def allsolve( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> List[float]
This is a collective MPI operation and hence must be called by all the ranks. This solves the formulation on all the ranks using DDM. The initial solution is taken from the fields' state. The relative residual history is returned. This method can be used for both linear and nonlinear problems.
Examples
Example 1: formulation.allsolve(relrestol:double, maxnumit:int, soltype:str="lu", verbosity:int=1)
This is used for linear problems. The relrestol
and maxnumit
arguments correspond to the stopping criteria for DDM solver. The DDM iterations stop if either relative residual tolerance is less than relrestol
or if the number of DDM iteration reaches maxnumit
.
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>>
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>> projection.allsolve(1e-8, 500)
>>> v.write(vol, f"v_{getrank()}.vtu", 1)
Example 2: formulation.allsolve(relrestol:double, maxnumit:int, nltol:double, maxnumnlit:int, relaxvalue:double=1, soltype:str="lu", verbosity:int=1)
This is used for nonlinear problems. The relrestol
and maxnumit
arguments correspond to the stopping criteria for DDM solver. The DDM iteration stops if either relative residual tolerance is less than relrestol
or if the number of DDM iterations reaches maxnumit
. A nonlinear fixed-point iteration is performed for at most maxnumnlit
or until the relative error (norm of relative solution vector change) is smaller than the tolerance prescribed in nltol
. A relaxation value can be provided with relaxvalue
argument. Usually, a relaxation value less than (under-relaxation) is used to avoid divergence of a solution.
>>> ...
>>> projections.allsolve(1e-8, 500, 1e-6, 200, 0.75)
b
def b( self, keepvector: bool = False, dirichletandportupdate: bool = True ) ‑> quanscient.vec
This returns the rhs vector that was assembled during the formulation.generate()
call. By default the keepvector
argument is False which means that the generated rhs vector is no longer kept in the formulation after returning it to a vec
object. However, if you select True for keepvector
it means the generated rhs vector is kept in the formulation and will be added to the rhs vector assembled in any subsequent formulation.generate()
call.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>>
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v), 0, 2)
>>> projection += integral(vol, dt(dof(v))*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>> projection += integral(vol, dtdt(dof(v))*tf(v))
>>>
>>> projection.generate()
>>> b = projection.b(); # equivalent to b = projection.b(keepvector=False)
See Also
formulation.rhs()
, formulation.A()
countdofs
def countdofs( self ) ‑> int
This returns the number of degrees of freedom defined in the formulation.
Example
>>> vol=1; sur=2
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>>
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>> numdofs = projection.countdofs()
82
generate
def generate( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This assembles all the terms in the formulation.
Examples
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>>
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v), 0, 2) # here 0 is the extra integration order, 2 is the block number assigned.
>>> projection += integral(vol, dt(dof(v))*tf(v) - 2*tf(v)) # default block number is 0
>>> projection += integral(vol, dtdt(dof(v))*tf(v)) # default block number is 0
>>>
>>> projection.generate()
A block number can be passed as an argument to generate only the necessary terms in the formulation. For example, the following generates only the block number 2. (i.e the first integral term)
>>> projection.generate(2)
A list of block numbers can also be passed as an argument. For example, the following generates all terms with block numbers 0 and 2. For this formulation, it means all terms are generated since these are the only block numbers existing. and 0 (default) block numbers.
>>> projection.generate([0,2])
generatedampingmatrix
def generatedampingmatrix( self ) ‑> None
This assembles only those terms in the formulation which have a dof and that dof has a first-order time derivative applied to it (i.e ). For multi-harmonic simulations, it generates nothing.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>>
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v), 0, 2)
>>> projection += integral(vol, dt(dof(v))*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>> projection += integral(vol, dtdt(dof(v))*tf(v))
>>>
>>> projection.generatedampingmatrix() # Here it only generates 'dt(dof(v))*tf(v)'
See Also
formulation.generate()
, formulation.generatestiffnessmatrix()
, formulation.generatemassmatrix()
, formulation.rhs()
generatemassmatrix
def generatemassmatrix( self ) ‑> None
This assembles only those terms in the formulation which have a dof and that dof has a second-order time derivative applied to it (i.e ). For multi-harmonic formulations, it generates nothing.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>>
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v), 0, 2)
>>> projection += integral(vol, dt(dof(v))*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>> projection += integral(vol, dtdt(dof(v))*tf(v))
>>>
>>> projection.generatemassmatrix() # Here it only generates 'dtdt(dof(v))*tf(v)'
See Also
formulation.generate()
, formulation.generatestiffnessmatrix()
, formulation.generatedampingmatrix()
, formulation.rhs()
generaterhs
def generaterhs( self ) ‑> None
This assembles only the terms in the formulation which have no dof.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>>
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v), 0, 2)
>>> projection += integral(vol, dt(dof(v))*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>> projection += integral(vol, dtdt(dof(v))*tf(v))
>>>
>>> projection.generaterhs() # Here it only generates '-2*tf(v)'
See Also
formulation.generate()
, formulation.generatestiffnessmatrix()
, formulation.generatedampingmatrix()
, formulation.generatemassmatrix()
generatestiffnessmatrix
def generatestiffnessmatrix( self ) ‑> None
This assembles only those terms in the formulation which have a dof and that **dof has no time derivative applied to it. For multi-harmonic formulations it generates all the terms.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>>
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v), 0, 2)
>>> projection += integral(vol, dt(dof(v))*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>> projection += integral(vol, dtdt(dof(v))*tf(v))
>>>
>>> projection.generatestiffnessmatrix() # Here it only generates dof(v)*tf(v)
See Also
formulation.generate()
, formulation.generatedampingmatrix()
, formulation.generatemassmatrix()
, formulation.rhs()
getmatrix
def getmatrix( self, KCM: int, keepfragments: bool = False, additionalconstraints: List[indexmat] = [] ) ‑> quanscient.mat
Depending on KCM
argument value, it returns the corresponding matrix as follows:
- , returns the stiffness matrix
- , returns the damping matrix
- , returns the mass matrix
By default, the keepfragments
argument is False which means that the generated matrix is no longer kept in the formulation after returning it to a mat
object. However, if you select True for keepfragments
it means the generated matrix is kept in the formulation and will be added to the matrix assembled in any subsequent formulation.generate()
call.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>>
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v), 0, 2)
>>> projection += integral(vol, dt(dof(v))*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>> projection += integral(vol, dtdt(dof(v))*tf(v))
>>>
>>> projection.generate()
>>> K = projection.getmatrix(0); # equivalent to K = projection.getmatrix(KCM=0, keepfragments=False) or just K = projection.K()
>>> C = projection.getmatrix(1); # equivalent to C = projection.getmatrix(KCM=1, keepfragments=False) or just C = projection.C()
>>> M = projection.getmatrix(2); # equivalent to M = projection.getmatrix(KCM=2, keepfragments=False) or just M = projection.M()
See Also
formulation.K()
, formulation.C()
, formulation.M()
islinear
def islinear( self ) ‑> bool
This returns True if the formulation defined is linear, otherwise, it returns False.
Examples
>>> vol=1; sur=2
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>>
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>> projection.islinear()
True
rhs
def rhs( self, keepvector: bool = False, dirichletandportupdate: bool = True ) ‑> quanscient.vec
This returns the rhs vector that was assembled during the formulation.generate()
call. By default the keepvector
argument is False which means that the generated rhs vector is no longer kept in the formulation after returning it to a vec
object. However, if you select True for keepvector
it means the generated rhs vector is kept in the formulation and will be added to the rhs vector assembled in any subsequent formulation.generate()
call. This is the same as formulation.b()
.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>>
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v), 0, 2)
>>> projection += integral(vol, dt(dof(v))*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>> projection += integral(vol, dtdt(dof(v))*tf(v))
>>>
>>> projection.generate()
>>> rhs = projection.rhs(); # equivalent to rhs = projection.rhs(keepvector=False)
See Also
formulation.b()
, formulation.A()
solve
def solve( self, soltype: str = 'lu', diagscaling: bool = False, blockstoconsider: List[int] = [-1] ) ‑> None
This generates the formulation, solves the algebraic problem with a direct solver then saves all the data in vector to the fields defined in the formulation.
Parameters
soltype
: str
: Direct solver type: "lu" or "cholesky". Default is "lu".
diagscaling
: bool
: If True, diagonal scaling preconditioning is applied. Default is False.
blockstoconsider
: List[int]
: List of blocks considered for solving. Default is meaning all the blocks are considered.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>>
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>> projection.solve(); # equivalent to projection.solve("lu", False, -1);
>>> v.write(vol, "v.vtu", 1)
genalpha
class genalpha( formul: formulation, dtxinit: vec, dtdtxinit: vec, verbosity: int = 3, isrhskcmconstant: List[bool] = [False, False, False, False] )
This defines the genalpha object to solve in time the formulation formul
with the fields' state as an initial solution for , dtxinit
for , dtdtxinit
for . The isrhskcmconstant
list can be used to specify whether the RHS vector, K matrix, C matrix and M matrix are constant in time (default is False). If isrhskcmconstant[i]=True
, the corresponding vector/matrix is generated once and then reused. In rhskcconstant[i]
:
- corresponds to the rhs vector
- corresponds to the K matrix
- corresponds to the C matrix
- corresponds to the M matrix
If the K, C and M matrices are constant in time, the factorization of the algebraic problem is also reused.
The genalpha object allows performing a generalized alpha time resolution for a problem of the form , be it linear or nonlinear. The solutions for as well as and are made available. For nonlinear problems, a fixed-point iteration is performed at every timestep until the relative error (norm of relative solution vector change) is less than the prescribed tolerance.
The generalized alpha method comes with four parameters (, , and ) that can be tuned to adjust the properties of the time resolution method (convergence order, stability, high frequency, damping and so on). When both parameters are set to zero, a classical Newmark iteration is obtained. By default, the parameters are set to (, , and ) which corresponds to an unconditionally stable Newmark iteration.
A convenient way proposed to set the four parameters is to specify a high-frequency dissipation level and let the four parameters be deduced accordingly. This gives a set of parameters leading to an unconditionally stable, second-order accurate algorithm possessing an optimal combination of high-frequency and low-frequency dissipation. More information on the generalized alpha method can be found in the paper A time integration algorithm for structural dynamics with improved numerical dissipation: the generalized-alpha method.
Notes
Even if the rhs vector can be reused the Dirichlet constraints will nevertheless be recomputed at each timestep.
Methods
allnext
def allnext( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This is a collective MPI operation and hence must be called by all ranks. It is similar to the genalpha.next()
function but the resolution is performed on all ranks using DDM. This method runs the generalized alpha algorithm for one timestep. After the call, the time and field values are updated on all the DDM ranks. This method can be used for both linear and nonlinear problems.
Examples
Example 1: genalpha.allnext(relrestol: double, maxnumit: int, timestep: double)
This is used for linear problems. The relrestol
and maxnumit
arguments correspond to the stopping criteria for DDM solver. The DDM iterations stop if either relative residual tolerance is less than relrestol
or if the number of DDM iterations reaches maxnumit
. Use timestep=-1
for automatic time adaptivity.
Example 2: genalpha.next(relrestol: double, maxnumit: int, timestep: double, maxnumnlit:int)
This is used for nonlinear problems. The relrestol
and maxnumit
arguments correspond to the stopping criteria for DDM solver. The DDM iteration stops if either relative residual tolerance is less than relrestol
or if the number of DDM iterations reaches maxnumit
. A nonlinear fixed-point iteration is performed for at most maxnumnlit
or until the relative error (norm of relative solution vector change) is smaller than the tolerance prescribed in genalpha.settolerance()
. Set timestep=-1
for automatic time-adaptivity and maxnumnlit=-1
for unlimited nonlinear iterations. This method returns the number of nonlinear iterations performed.
See Also
count
def count( self ) ‑> int
This counts the total number of steps computed.
gettimederivative
def gettimederivative( self ) ‑> List[quanscient.vec]
This returns a list containing current time derivative solutions. The first element in the list contains the solution of the first time derivative and the second element contains the solution of the second time derivative .
See Also
gettimes
def gettimes( self ) ‑> List[float]
This returns all the time values stepped through.
gettimestep
def gettimestep( self ) ‑> float
This returns the current timestep.
next
def next( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This runs the generalized alpha algorithm for one timestep. After the call, the time and field values are updated. This method can be used for both linear and nonlinear problems.
Examples
Example 1: genalpha.next(timestep: double)
This is used for linear problems. \boldsymbol{Use for automatic time-adaptivity}.
Example 2: genalpha.next(timestep: double, maxnumnlit:int)
This is used for nonlinear problems. A nonlinear fixed-point iteration is performed for at most maxnumnlit
or until the relative error (norm of relative solution vector change) is smaller than the tolerance prescribed in genalpha.settolerance()
. Set timestep=-1
for automatic time-adaptivity and maxnumnlit=-1
for unlimited nonlinear iterations. This method returns the number of nonlinear iterations performed.
postsolve
def postsolve( self, formuls: List[formulation] ) ‑> None
This defines the set of formulations that must be solved every resolution of the formulation provided to the genalpha constructor. The formulations provided here must lead to a system of the form (no damping or mass matrix allowed).
See Also
presolve
def presolve( self, formuls: List[formulation] ) ‑> None
This defines the set of formulations that must be solved every resolution of the formulation provided to the genalpha constructor. The formulations provided here must lead to a system of the form (no damping or mass matrix allowed).
See Also
setadaptivity
def setadaptivity( self, tol: float, mints: float, maxts: float, reffact: float = 0.5, coarfact: float = 2.0, coarthres: float = 0.5 ) ‑> None
This sets the configuration for automatic time adaptivity. The timestep will be adjusted between the minimum timestep () and maximum timesteps () to reach the requested relative error tolerance (). The relative error is defined as
to measure the relative deviation from a constant time derivative.
Arguments and give the factor to use when the time step is refined or coarsened respectively. The timestep is refined when the relative error is above or when the maximum number of nonlinear iterations is reached. The timestep is coarsened when the relative error is below the product and the nonlinear loop has converged in less than the maximum number of iterations.
setparameter
def setparameter( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This is used to set the parameters of the generalized alpha method.
To set the four parameters (, , and ), four arguments are passed, one for each parameter:
>>> genalpha.setparameter(b: double, g: double, ad: double, am: double)
To set the high-frequency dissipation (), only one argument is passed:
>>> genalpha.setparameter(rinf: double)
The range of high-frequency dissipation is in the range $0 \leq \rho_{\infty} \leq 1$. The four generalized alpha
parameters are optimally deduced from ($\rho_{\infty}$). The deduced parameters lead to an unconditionally stable,
second-order accurate algorithm possessing an optimal combination of high-frequency and low-frequency dissipation. Lower
($\rho_{\infty}$) values lead to more dissipation.
setrelaxationfactor
def setrelaxationfactor( self, relaxfact: float ) ‑> None
This sets the relaxation factor for the fixed-point nonlinear iteration performed at every timestep for nonlinear problems. If the relaxation factor is not set, the default value of is set. If is the solution obtained at a current iteration, is solution at previous iteration, then the new solution at the current iteration is updated as
where is the relaxation factor.
settimederivative
def settimederivative( self, sol: List[vec] ) ‑> None
This sets the current solution for the time derivatives and to sol[0]
and sol[1]
respectively.
See Also
settimestep
def settimestep( self, timestep: float ) ‑> None
This sets the current timestep.
settolerance
def settolerance( self, nltol: float ) ‑> None
This sets the tolerance for the fixed-point nonlinear iteration performed at every timestep for nonlinear problems. If the tolerance is not set, the default value of is considered.
setverbosity
def setverbosity( self, verbosity: int ) ‑> None
This sets the verbosity level. For debugging, higher verbosity is recommended. If the verbosity is not set, the default value of is considered.
impliciteuler
class impliciteuler( formul: formulation, dtxinit: vec, verbosity: int = 3, isrhskcconstant: List[bool] = [False, False, False] )
This defines the impliciteuler object to solve in time the formulation formul
with the fields' state as an initial solution for and dtxinit
for . The isrhskcconstant
list can be used to specify whether the RHS vector, K matrix and C matrix are constant in time (default is False). If isrhskcconstant[i]=True
, the corresponding vector/matrix is generated once and then reused. In rhskcconstant[i]
:
- corresponds to the rhs vector
- corresponds to the K matrix
- corresponds to the C matrix
If the K and C matrix are constant in time, the factorization of the algebraic problem is also reused.
The impliciteuler object allows performing an implicit (backward) Euler time resolution for a problem of the form , be it linear or nonlinear. The solutions for , as well as , are made available. For nonlinear problems, a fixed-point iteration is performed at every timestep until the relative error (norm of relative solution vector change) is less than the prescribed tolerance.
Notes
Even if the rhs vector can be reused the Dirichlet constraints will nevertheless be recomputed at each timestep.
Methods
allnext
def allnext( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This is a collective MPI operation and hence must be called by all ranks. It is similar to the impliciteuler.next()
function but the resolution is performed on all ranks using DDM. This method runs the implicit Euler algorithm for one timestep. After the call, the time and field values are updated on all the DDM ranks. This method can be used for both linear and nonlinear problems.
Examples
Example 1: impliciteuler.allnext(relrestol: double, maxnumit: int, timestep: double)
This is used for linear problems. The relrestol
and maxnumit
arguments correspond to the stopping criteria for DDM solver. The DDM iterations stop if either relative residual tolerance is less than relrestol
or if the number of DDM iterations reaches maxnumit
. Use timestep=-1
for automatic time adaptivity.
Example 2: impliciteuler.next(relrestol: double, maxnumit: int, timestep: double, maxnumnlit:int)
This is used for nonlinear problems. The relrestol
and maxnumit
arguments correspond to the stopping criteria for DDM solver. The DDM iteration stops if either relative residual tolerance is less than relrestol
or if the number of DDM iterations reaches maxnumit
. A nonlinear fixed-point iteration is performed for at most maxnumnlit
or until the relative error (norm of relative solution vector change) is smaller than the tolerance prescribed in impliciteuler.settolerance()
. Set timestep=-1
for automatic time-adaptivity and maxnumnlit=-1
for unlimited nonlinear iterations. This method returns the number of nonlinear iterations performed.
See Also
count
def count( self ) ‑> int
This counts the total number of steps computed.
gettimederivative
def gettimederivative( self ) ‑> quanscient.vec
This returns the current solution for the first time derivative .
See Also
impliciteuler.settimederivative()
gettimes
def gettimes( self ) ‑> List[float]
This returns all the time values stepped through.
gettimestep
def gettimestep( self ) ‑> float
This returns the current timestep.
next
def next( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This runs the implicit Euler algorithm for one timestep. After the call, the time and field values are updated. This method can be used for both linear and nonlinear problems depending on the number of arguments passed.
Examples
Example 1: implicit.next(timestep: double)
This is used for linear problems. \boldsymbol{Use for automatic time-adaptivity}.
Example 2: implicit.next(timestep: double, maxnumnlit:int)
This is used for nonlinear problems. A nonlinear fixed-point iteration is performed for at most maxnumnlit
or until the relative error (norm of relative solution vector change) is smaller than the tolerance prescribed in impliciteuler.settolerance()
. Set timestep=-1
for automatic time-adaptivity and maxnumnlit=-1
for unlimited nonlinear iterations. This method returns the number of nonlinear iterations performed.
postsolve
def postsolve( self, formuls: List[formulation] ) ‑> None
This defines the set of formulations that must be solved every resolution of the formulation provided to the impliciteuler constructor. The formulations provided here must lead to a system of the form (no damping or mass matrix allowed).
See Also
presolve
def presolve( self, formuls: List[formulation] ) ‑> None
This defines the set of formulations that must be solved every resolution of the formulation provided to the impliciteuler constructor. The formulations provided here must lead to a system of the form (no damping or mass matrix allowed).
See Also
setadaptivity
def setadaptivity( self, tol: float, mints: float, maxts: float, reffact: float = 0.5, coarfact: float = 2.0, coarthres: float = 0.5 ) ‑> None
This sets the configuration for automatic time adaptivity. The timestep will be adjusted between the minimum timestep () and maximum timesteps () to reach the requested relative error tolerance (). The relative error is defined as
to measure the relative deviation from a constant time derivative.
Arguments and give the factor to use when the time step is refined or coarsened respectively. The timestep is refined when the relative error is above or when the maximum number of nonlinear iterations is reached. The timestep is coarsened when the relative error is below the product and the nonlinear loop has converged in less than the maximum number of iterations.
setrelaxationfactor
def setrelaxationfactor( self, relaxfact: float ) ‑> None
This sets the relaxation factor for the fixed-point nonlinear iteration performed at every timestep for nonlinear problems. If the relaxation factor is not set, the default value of is set. If is the solution obtained at a current iteration, is solution at previous iteration, then the new solution at the current iteration is updated as
where is the relaxation factor.
settimederivative
def settimederivative( self, sol: vec ) ‑> None
This sets the current solution for the first time derivatives to sol[0]
.
See Also
impliciteuler.gettimederivative()
settimestep
def settimestep( self, timestep: float ) ‑> None
This sets the current timestep.
settolerance
def settolerance( self, nltol: float ) ‑> None
This sets the tolerance for the fixed-point nonlinear iteration performed at every timestep for nonlinear problems. If the tolerance is not set, the default value of is considered.
setverbosity
def setverbosity( self, verbosity: int ) ‑> None
This sets the verbosity level. For debugging, higher verbosity is recommended. If the verbosity is not set, the default value of is considered.
indexmat
class indexmat( **kwargs )
The indexmat
object stores a row-major array of integers that corresponds to a dense matrix. For storing an array of doubles, see densemat
object.
Examples
There are many ways of instantiating an indexmat
object. There are listed below:
Example 1: indexmat(numberofrows:int, numberofcolumns:int)
The following creates a matrix with 2 rows and 3 columns. The entries may be undefined.
>>> B = indexmat(2,3)
Example 2: indexmat(numberofrows:int, numberofcolumns:int, initvalue:int)
This creates a matrix with 2 rows and 3 columns. All entries are assigned the value initvalue
.
>>> B = indexmat(2,3, 12)
>>> B.print()
Matrix size is 2x3
12 12 12
12 12 12
Example 3: indexmat(numberofrows:int, numberofcolumns:int, valvec:List[int])
This creates a matrix with 2 rows and 3 columns. The entries are assigned the values of valvec
. The length of valvec
is expected to be equal to the total count of entries in the matrix. So for creating a matrix of size , length of valvec
must be 6.
>>> B = indexmat(2,3, [1,2,3,4,5,6])
>>> B.print()
Matrix size is 2x3
1 2 3
4 5 6
Example 4: indexmat(numberofrows:int, numberofcolumns:int, init:int, step:int)
This creates a matrix with 2 rows and 3 columns. The first entry is assigned the value init
and the consecutive entries are assigned values that increase by steps of step
.
>>> B = indexmat(2,3, 0, 1)
>>> B.print()
Matrix size is 2x3
0 1 2
3 4 5
Example 5: indexmat(input:List[indexmat])
This creates a matrix that is the vertical concatenation of input
matrices. Since the concatenation occurs vertically, the number of columns in all the input matrices must match.
>>> A = indexmat(2,3, 0)
>>> B = indexmat(1,3, 2)
>>> AB = indexmat([A,B])
>>> AB.print()
Matrix size is 3x3
0 0 0
0 0 0
2 2 2
Methods
count
def count( self ) ‑> int
This counts and returns the total number of entries in the dense matrix.
Example
>>> B = indexmat(2,3)
>>> B.count()
6
countcolumns
def countcolumns( self ) ‑> int
This counts and returns the number of columns in the dense matrix.
Example
>>> B = indexmat(2,3)
>>> B.countcolumns()
3
countrows
def countrows( self ) ‑> int
This counts and returns the number of rows in the dense matrix.
Example
>>> B = indexmat(2,3)
>>> B.countrows()
2
print
def print( self ) ‑> None
This prints the entries of the dense matrix.
Example
>>> B = indexmat(2,3, 0,1)
>>> B.print()
Matrix size is 2x3
0 1 2
3 4 5
printsize
def printsize( self ) ‑> None
This prints the size of the dense matrix.
Example
>>> B = indexmat(2,3)
>>> B.printsize()
Matrix size is 2x3
integration
class integration
logformat
class logformat( value: int )
Holds possible log formats
Members -----=
plain
json
Class variables
json
Type: quanscient.logformat
plain
Type: quanscient.logformat
mat
class mat( **kwargs )
The mat
object holds a sparse algebraic square matrix.
Raises
RuntimeError
: If a mesh object is not available before creating a mat
object.
Notes
Before creating a mat
object, ensure that a mesh object is available. If a mesh object is not already available, create an empty mesh object.
Examples
There are many ways of instantiating an indexmat
object. There are listed below:
Example 1: mat(matsize:int, rowaddresses:indexmat, coladdresess:indexmat, vals:densemat)
This creates a sparse matrix object of size matsize
matsize
. The rowaddresses
and coladdresess
provide the location (row, col) of non-zero values in the sparse matrix. The non-zero values are provided in the dense matrix vals
. Note that a mesh object must already be available before instantiating mat
object.
>>> rows = indexmat(7,1, [0,0,1,1,1,2,2])
>>> cols = indexmat(7,1, [0,1,0,1,2,1,2])
>>> vals = densemat(7,1, [11,12,13,14,15,16,17])
>>>
>>> mymesh = mesh()
>>> A = mat(3, rows, cols, vals)
>>> A.print()
A block 3x3:
Mat Object: 1 MPI processes type: seqaij row 0: (0, 11.) (1, 12.) row 1: (0, 13.) (1, 14.) (2, 15.) row 2: (1, 16.) (2, 17.)
D block 3x0:
Mat Object: 1 MPI processes type: seqaij row 0: row 1: row 2:
Example 2: mat(myformulation:formulation, rowaddresses:indexmat, coladdresses:indexmat, vals:densemat)
This creates a sparse matrix object whose dof()
structure is the one in the formulation projection
. The rowaddresses
and coladdresess
provide the location (row, col) of non-zero values in the sparse matrix. The non-zero values are provided in the dense matrix vals
.
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>>
>>> addresses = indexmat(numberofrows=projection.countdofs(), numberofcolumns=1, init=0, step=1)
>>> vals = densemat(numberofrows=projection.countdofs(), numberofcolumns=1, init=12)
>>>
>>> A = mat(formulation=projection, rowaddresses=addresses, coladdresses=addresses, densemat=vals)
Methods
copy
def copy( self ) ‑> quanscient.mat
This creates a full copy of the matrix. Only the values are copied. (E.g: the mat.reusefactorization()
is set back to the default no reuse.)
Example
>>> A =
>>> copiedmat = A.copy()
countcolumns
def countcolumns( self ) ‑> int
This counts and returns the number of columns in the matrix.
Example
>>> numcols = A.countcolumns()
countnnz
def countnnz( self ) ‑> int
This counts and returns the number of non-zero entries in the matrix which is the sub-matrix of with eliminated Dirichlet constraints. Refer mat.getainds()
.
If the requested information is not available, then is returned.
Example
>>> numnnz = A.countnnz()
countrows
def countrows( self ) ‑> int
This counts and returns the number of rows in the matrix.
Example
>>> numrows = A.countrows()
getainds
def getainds( self ) ‑> quanscient.indexmat
Let us call dinds the set of unknowns that have a Dirichlet constraint and ainds the remaining unknowns. The mat
object holds sub-matrices and such that
where is a square matrix equal to with eliminated Dirichlet constraints. is an all zero matrix and is the square identity matrix of all Dirichlet constraints. Matrices and are stored with their local indexing. The methods mat.getainds()
and mat.getdinds()
gives the global indexing (i.e index in ) of each local index in and .
Example
>>> ainds = A.getainds()
See Also
getdinds
def getdinds( self ) ‑> quanscient.indexmat
This outputs dinds.
Example
>>> dinds = A.getdinds()
See Also
print
def print( self ) ‑> None
This prints the matrix size and values.
Example
>>> A.print()
reusefactorization
def reusefactorization( self ) ‑> None
The matrix factorization will be reused in allsolve()
.
mesh
class mesh( **kwargs )
The mesh object holds the finite element mesh of the geometry.
Examples
A mesh object based on a mesh file can be created through the native reader or via the GMSH API. To get more information on the physical regions of the mesh, the verbosity
argument can be set to .
>>> # Creating a mesh object with the native reader:
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>>
>>> # Creating a mesh object with GMSH API:
>>> mymesh = mesh("gmsh:disk.msh")
In the domain decomposition framework, creating a mesh object requires two additional arguments: globalgeometryskin
and numoverlaplayers
. Furthermore, the mesh is treated as a part of a global mesh. Each MPI rank owns only a part of the global mesh and all ranks must perform the call collectively. The argument globalgeometryskin
is the part of the global mesh skin that belongs to the current rank. It can only hold elements of dimension one lower than the geometry dimension. The global mesh skin cannot intersect itself. The mesh parts are overlapped by the number of overlap layers requested. More than one overlap layer cannot be guaranteed everywhere as the overlapping is limited to the direct neighbouring domains. mesh(filename:str, globalgeometryskin:int, numoverlaplayers:int, verbosity:int=1)
In the above examples, the mesh objects were created based on a mesh file. Similarly, mesh objects can be created based on shape
objects.
>>> # define physical regions
>>> faceregionnumber=1; lineregionnumber=2
>>>
>>> # define a quadrangle shape object
>>> quadface = shape("quadrangle", faceregionnumber, [0,0,0, 1,0,0, 1,1,0, 0,1,0], [10,6,10,6])
>>>
>>> # get the leftline from the contour of the quad shape object
>>> contourlines = quadface.getsons() # returns a list
>>> leftline = contourlines[3]
>>> leftline.setphysicalregion(lineregionnumber)
>>>
>>> # create mesh object based on the quadrangle shape and its left-side line
>>> mymesh = mesh([quadface, leftline])
>>> mymesh.write("quadmesh.msh")
Creating a mesh object from the shape object can be carried out also in the domain decomposition framework using the following syntax: mesh(inputshapes:List[shape], globalgeometryskin:int, numoverlaplayers:int, verbosity:int=1)
It is also possible to combine multiple meshes. Elements shared by the input meshes can either be merged or not by setting the bool value for argument mergeduplicates
. For every input mesh, a new physical region containing all elements is created. Set verbosity equal to 2 to get information on physical regions in the mesh.
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> mymesh.shift(2,1,0) # all entities are shifted by x,y,z amount
>>> mymesh.write("shifted.msh")
>>>
>>> mergedmesh = mesh(True, ["disk.msh", "shifted.msh"])
>>> mergedmesh.write("merged.msh")
>>>
>>> mergedmesh = mesh("merged.msh", 2)
Methods
extrude
def extrude( self, newphysreg: int, newbndphysreg: int, bnd: int, extrudelens: List[float] ) ‑> None
This extrudes the boundary region bnd. After the extrusion process, newphysreg will contain the extruded region and newbndphysreg will contain the extrusion end boundary.
Parameters
newphysreg
: int
: The physical region that will contain the extruded region.
newbndphysreg
: int
: The physical region that will contain the end boundary of extrusion.
bnd
: int
: The boundary region that is extruded.
extrudelens
: List[float]
: A list specifying the size of each layer in the extrusion. The length of list determines the number of mesh layers in the extrusion. If is given as the extrusion length for each layer, an optimal value is automatically calculated.
Example
We use the disk.msh
for the example here.
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3; circle=4 # physical regions defined in disk.msh
>>> volextruded=5; bndextruded=6; # new physical regions that will be utilized in extrusion
>>> mymesh = mesh()
>>>
>>> # predefine extrusion
>>> mymesh.extrude(newphysreg = volextruded, newbndphysreg = bndextruded,
... bnd = sur, extrudelens = [0.1,0.05])
>>>
>>> # extrusion is performed when the mesh is loaded.
>>> mymesh.load("disk.msh")
>>> mymesh.write("diskpml.msh")
See Also
getdimension
def getdimension( self ) ‑> int
This returns the dimension of the highest dimension element in the mesh 0D, 1D, 2D or 3D.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> dim = mymesh.getdimension()
>>> dim
3
getdimensions
def getdimensions( self ) ‑> List[float]
This returns the x, y and z mesh dimensions in meters.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> dims = mymesh.getdimensions()
>>> dims
[2.0, 2.0, 0.1]
getphysicalregionnumbers
def getphysicalregionnumbers( self, dim: int = -1 ) ‑> List[int]
This returns all physical region numbers of a given dimension. Use or no argument to get the regions of all dimensions.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> allphysregs = mymesh.getphysicalregionnumbers()
[4, 2, 3, 1]
load
def load( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This method allows an empty mesh object to be populated with mesh data. It takes in the same corresponding arguments as required in instantiating a mesh object directly. The only difference with direct instantiation is that this method requires that an empty mesh object is already created. If this method is called by a non-empty mesh object any existing mesh data are lost.
Examples
>>> # Create an empty mesh object
>>> mymesh = mesh()
>>>
>>> # Load a mesh file with the native reader:
>>> mymesh.load("disk.msh", 2)
>>>
>>> # Load a mesh file with GMSH API:
>>> mymesh = mesh("gmsh:disk.msh", 2)
Loading a mesh from the shape objects:
>>> # define physical regions
>>> faceregionnumber=1; lineregionnumber=2
>>>
>>> # define a quadrangle shape object
>>> quadface = shape("quadrangle", faceregionnumber, [0,0,0, 1,0,0, 1,1,0, 0,1,0], [10,6,10,6])
>>>
>>> # get the leftline from the contour of the quad shape object
>>> contourlines = quadface.getsons() # returns a list
>>> leftline = contourlines[3]
>>> leftline.setphysicalregion(lineregionnumber)
>>>
>>> # Load a mesh from the quadrangle shape and its left-side line
>>> mymesh = mesh() # creates an empty mesh object
>>> mymesh.load([quadface, leftline])
>>> mymesh.write("quadmesh.msh")
Combing multiple meshes with load
method
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> mymesh.shift(2,1,0) # all entities are shifted by x,y,z amount
>>> mymesh.write("shifted.msh")
>>>
>>> mergedmesh = mesh()
>>> mergedmesh.load(True, ["disk.msh", "shifted.msh"])
>>> mergedmesh.write("merged.msh")
>>>
>>> mergedmesh = mesh("merged.msh", 2)
move
def move( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This moves the whole or part of the mesh object by the x, y and z components of expression u in the x, y and z direction.
Examples
>>> vol = 1
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> x=field("x"); y=field("y")
>>>
>>> # Move the whole mesh object
>>> mymesh.move(array3x1(0,0, sin(x*y)))
>>> mymesh.write("moved.msh")
>>>
>>> # Move only the mesh part on the physical region 'vol'
>>> mymesh.move(vol, array3x1(0,0, sin(x*y)))
>>> mymesh.write("moved.msh")
partition
def partition( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This requests a DDM partition of the mesh.
Examples
Example 1: partition()
>>> mymesh = mesh()
>>> mymesh.partition()
>>> mymesh.load("disk.msh")
Example 2: partition(groupsphysregs: List[List[int]], groupsnumranks: List[int])
Here the user has the flexibility to selective pick physical regions into certain groups. In the below example, all the entities of the physical region "sur" is grouped to the rank number .
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3
>>> mymesh = mesh()
>>> mymesh.partition([[sur]], [0])
>>> mymesh.load("disk.msh")
printdimensions
def printdimensions( self ) ‑> List[float]
This prints and returns the x, y and z mesh dimensions.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> mymesh.printdimensions()
Mesh dimensions:
x: 2 m
y: 2 m
z: 0.1 m
[2.0, 2.0, 0.1]
rotate
def rotate( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This rotates the whole or part of the mesh object first by ax
degrees around x axis followed by ay
degrees around the y-axis and then by az
degrees around the z-axis.
Examples
>>> vol = 1
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>>
>>> # rotate the whole mesh object
>>> mymesh.rotate(20,60,90)
>>> mymesh.write("rotated.msh")
>>>
>>> # rotate only the mesh part on the physical region 'vol'
>>> mymesh.rotate(vol, 20,60,90)
>>> mymesh.write("rotated.msh")
scale
def scale( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This scales the whole or part of the mesh object first by a factor x
, y
and z
respectively in the x, y and z direction.
Examples
>>> vol = 1
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>>
>>> # scale the whole mesh object
>>> mymesh.scale(0.1,0.2,1.0)
>>> mymesh.write("scaled.msh")
>>>
>>> # scale only the mesh part on the physical region 'vol'
>>> mymesh.scale(vol, 0.1,0.2,1.0)
>>> mymesh.write("scaled.msh")
selectanynode
def selectanynode( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This tells the mesh object to create a new physical region newphysreg
that contains a single node arbitrarily chosen in the region physregtoselectfrom
. If no region is selected (i.e. if physregtoexcludefrom
is empty) or if the argument physregtoexcludefrom
is not provided, then the arbitrary node is chosen considering the whole domain. The new region newphysreg
is created when the mesh.load()
method is called on the mesh object.
Examples
Example 1: mesh.selectanynode(newphysreg:int, physregtoselectfrom:int)
>>> vol=1; anynode=12
>>> mymesh = mesh()
>>> mymesh.selectanynode(excluded, vol, [box]) # a node is chosen from 'vol' region
>>> mymesh.load("disk.msh")
>>> mymesh.write("out.msh")
Example 2: mesh.selectanynode(newphysreg:int)
>>> vol=1; anynode=12
>>> mymesh = mesh()
>>> mymesh.selectanynode(excluded, [box]) # a node is chosen from the whole domain
>>> mymesh.load("disk.msh")
>>> mymesh.write("out.msh")
selectbox
def selectbox( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This tells the mesh object to create a new physical region newphysreg
that contains elements of the region physregtoselectfrom
that are in the box delimited by [,, ,, ,] given in boxlimit
. If no region is selected (i.e. if physregtoselectfrom
is empty) or if the argument physregtoselectfrom
is not provided, then the box region is created considering the whole domain.
The new region newphysreg
is created when the mesh.load()
method is called on the mesh object. The elements populated in the new region newphysreg
are of dimension selecteddim
.
Examples
Example 1: mesh.selectbox(newphysreg:int, physregtobox:int, selecteddim:int, boxlimit:List[double])
>>> vol=1; boxregion=12
>>> mymesh = mesh()
>>> mymesh.selectbox(boxregion, vol, 3, [0,1,0, 1,0,0.1]) # select box region from the 'vol' region
>>> mymesh.load("disk.msh")
>>>
>>> v=field("h1"); x=field("x"); y=field("y"); z=field("z")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> v.setvalue(vol, x*y*z)
>>> v.write(vol, "v.vtk", 1)
>>> v.write(boxregion, "vboxregion.vtk", 1)
Example 2: mesh.selectbox(newphysreg:int, selecteddim:int, boxlimit:List[double])
>>> vol=1; boxregion=12
>>> mymesh = mesh()
>>> mymesh.selectbox(boxregion, 3, [0,1,0, 1,0,0.1]) # select box region from the whole domain
>>> mymesh.load("disk.msh")
>>>
>>> v=field("h1"); x=field("x"); y=field("y"); z=field("z")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> v.setvalue(vol, x*y*z)
>>> v.write(vol, "v.vtk", 1)
>>> v.write(boxregion, "vboxregion.vtk", 1)
selectexclusion
def selectexclusion( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This tells the mesh object to create a new physical region newphysreg
that contains the elements of the region physregtoexcludefrom
that are not in physregtoexclude
. If no region is selected (i.e. if physregtoexcludefrom
is empty) or if the argument physregtoexcludefrom
is not provided, then the new region is created considering the whole domain. The new region newphysreg
is created when the mesh.load()
method is called on the mesh object.
Examples
Example 1: mesh.selectexclusion(newphysreg:int, physregtoexlcudefrom:int, physregtoexclude:int)`
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3; box=11; excluded=12
>>> mymesh = mesh()
>>> mymesh.selectbox(box, vol, 3, [0,2, -2,2, -2,2])
>>> mymesh.selectexclusion(excluded, vol, [box]) # physregtoexcludefrom = 'vol'
>>> mymesh.load("disk.msh")
>>> mymesh.write("out.msh")
Example 2: mesh.selectexclusion(newphysreg:int, physregtoexclude:int)`
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3; box=11; excluded=12
>>> mymesh = mesh()
>>> mymesh.selectbox(box, vol, 3, [0,2, -2,2, -2,2])
>>> mymesh.selectexclusion(excluded, [box]) # physregtoexcludefrom = whole domain
>>> mymesh.load("disk.msh")
>>> mymesh.write("out.msh")
selectlayer
def selectlayer( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This tells the mesh object to create a new physical region newphysreg
that contains the layer of elements of the region physregtoselectfrom
that touches the region physregtostartgrowth
. If no region is selected (i.e. if physregtoselectfrom
is empty) or if the argument physregtoselectfrom
is not provided, then the layer region is created considering the whole domain. When multiple layers are requested through the argument numlayers
, they are grown on top of each other. The new region newphysreg
is created when the mesh.load()
method is called on the mesh object.
Examples
Example 1: mesh.selectlayer(newphysreg:int, physregtoselectfrom:int, physregtostartgrowth:int, numlayers:int)
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3; layerregion=12
>>> mymesh = mesh()
>>> mymesh.selectlayer(layerregion, vol, sur, 1) # select layer region from the 'vol' region
>>> mymesh.load("disk.msh")
>>> mymesh.write("out.msh")
Example 2: mesh.selectlayer(newphysreg:int, physregtostartgrowth:int, numlayers:int)
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3; layerregion=12
>>> mymesh = mesh()
>>> mymesh.selectlayer(layerregion, sur, 1) # select layer region from the whole domain
>>> mymesh.load("disk.msh")
>>> mymesh.write("out.msh")
selectskin
def selectskin( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This tells the mesh object to create a new physical region newphysreg
that contains elements that form the skin of the selected physical regions. If no region is selected (i.e. if physregtoselectfrom
is empty) or if the argument physregtoselectfrom
is not provided, then the skin region is created considering the whole domain.
The skin region newphysreg
is created when the mesh.load()
method is called on the mesh object. The dimension of the skin region is always one dimension less than that of the physical regions selected. Note that space derivatives or 'hcurl' field evaluations on a surface do not usually lead to the same values as a volume evaluation.
Examples
Example 1: mesh.selectskin(newphysreg:int, physregtoskin)
>>> vol=1; skin=12
>>> mymesh = mesh()
>>> mymesh.selectskin(skin, vol) # select skin region from the 'vol' region
>>>
>>> mymesh.load("disk.msh")
>>> v=field("h1"); x=field("x"); y=field("y"); z=field("z")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> v.setvalue(vol, x*y*z)
>>> v.write(vol, "v.vtk", 1)
>>> v.write(skin, "vskin.vtk", 1)
Example 2: mesh.selectskin(newphysreg:int)
>>> vol=1; skin=12
>>> mymesh = mesh()
>>> mymesh.selectskin(skin) # select skin region from the whole domain
>>>
>>> mymesh.load("disk.msh")
>>> v=field("h1"); x=field("x"); y=field("y"); z=field("z")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> v.setvalue(vol, x*y*z)
>>> v.write(vol, "v.vtk", 1)
>>> v.write(skin, "vskin.vtk", 1)s
selectsphere
def selectsphere( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This tells the mesh object to create a new physical region newphysreg
that contains elements of the region physregtoselectfrom
that are in the sphere of prescribed radius and of center [, ,] as given in centercoords
. If no region is selected (i.e. if physregtoselectfrom
is empty) or if the argument physregtoselectfrom
is not provided, then the sphere region is created considering the whole domain.
The new region newphysreg
is created when the mesh.load()
method is called on the mesh object. The elements populated in the new region newphysreg
are of dimension selecteddim
.
Examples
Example 1: mesh.selectsphere(newphysreg:int, physregtosphere:int, selecteddim:int, centercoords:List[double], radius:double)
>>> vol=1; sphereregion=12
>>> mymesh = mesh()
>>> mymesh.selectsphere(sphereregion, vol, 3, [1,0,0], 1) # select sphere region from the 'vol' region
>>> mymesh.load("disk.msh")
>>>
>>> v=field("h1"); x=field("x"); y=field("y"); z=field("z")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> v.setvalue(vol, x*y*z)
>>> v.write(vol, "v.vtk", 1)
>>> v.write(sphereregion, "vsphereregion.vtk", 1)
Example 2: mesh.selectsphere(newphysreg:int, selecteddim:int, centercoords:List[double], radius:double)
>>> vol=1; sphereregion=12
>>> mymesh = mesh()
>>> ymesh.selectsphere(sphereregion, 3, [1,0,0], 1) # select sphere region from the whole domain
>>> mymesh.load("disk.msh")
>>>
>>> v=field("h1"); x=field("x"); y=field("y"); z=field("z")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> v.setvalue(vol, x*y*z)
>>> v.write(vol, "v.vtk", 1)
>>> v.write(sphereregion, "vsphereregion.vtk", 1)
setadaptivity
def setadaptivity( self, criterion: expression, lownumsplits: int, highnumsplits: int ) ‑> None
Each element in the mesh will be adapted (refined/coarsened) based on the value of a positive criterion (h-adaptivity). The max range of the criterion is split into a number of intervals equal to the number of refinement levels in the range lownumsplits
and highnumsplits
. All intervals have the same size. The barycenter value of the criterion on each element is considered to select the interval, and therefore the corresponding refinement of each mesh element. As an example, for a criterion with the highest value of 900 over the entire domain and a low/high refinement level requested of 1/3 the refinement on mesh elements with criterion value in the range 0 to 300, 300 to 600, 600 to 900 will be 1, 2, 3 levels respectively.
Example
>>> all = 1
>>> q = shape("quadrangle", all, [0,0,0, 1,0,0, 1.2,1,0, 0,1,0], [5,5,5,5])
>>> mymesh = mesh([q])
>>> x = field("x"); y = field("y")
>>> criterion = 1 + sin(10*x)*sin(10*y)
>>>
>>> mymesh.setadaptivity(criterion, 0, 5)
>>>
>>> for i in range(5):
... criterion.write(all, f"criterion_{100+i}.vtk", 1)
... adapt(1)
setcohomologycuts
def setcohomologycuts( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This makes the mesh object aware of the cohomology cut regions.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh()
>>> mymesh.setcohomologycuts([chreg1, chreg2])
>>> mymesh.load("disk.msh")
setphysicalregions
def setphysicalregions( self, dims: List[int], nums: List[int], geometryentities: List[List[int]] ) ‑> None
shift
def shift( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This translates the whole or part of the mesh object by x, y and z amount in the x, y and z direction.
Examples
>>> vol = 1
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> x=field("x"); y=field("y")
>>>
>>> # shift/translate the whole mesh object
>>> mymesh.shift(1.0, 2.0, 3.0)
>>> mymesh.write("shifted.msh")
>>>
>>> # shift/translate only the mesh part on physical region 'vol'
>>> mymesh.shift(vol, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0)
>>> mymesh.write("shifted.msh")
split
def split( self, n: int = 1 ) ‑> None
This splits each element in the mesh n
times. Element quality is maximized and element curvature is taken into account. Each element is split recursively n
times as follows:
- point \leftarrow 1 point
- line \leftarrow 2 lines
- triangle \leftarrow 4 triangles
- quadrangle \leftarrow 4 quadrangles
- tetrahedron \leftarrow 8 tetrahedra
- hexahedron \leftarrow 8 hexahedra
- prism \leftarrow 8 prisms
- pyramid \leftarrow 6 pyramids + 4 tetrahedra
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh()
>>> mymesh.split()
>>> mymesh.load("disk.msh")
>>> mymesh.write("splitdisk.msh")
use
def use( self ) ‑> None
This allows one to select which mesh to use in case multiple meshes are available. This call invalidates all objects that are based on the previously selected mesh for as long as the latter is not selected again.
Example
>>> finemesh = mesh()
>>> finemesh.split(2)
>>> finemesh.load("disk.msh")
>>> coarsemesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> finemesh.use()
write
def write( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This writes the mesh object to a given input filename.
Examples
>>> # mesh data
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; top=2; sur=3
If a physical region is passed in the first argument, then only part of the mesh object included in that physical region is written:
>>> mymesh.write(vol, "out.msh")
If only the file name
is provided as an argument, then all the physical regions of the mesh are written.
>>> mymesh.write("out.msh)
>>> # or equivalently:
>>> mymesh.write("out1.msh", physregs=[-1], option=1)
The argument physregs
is the list of physical regions that will be written if the argument option=1
. If option=-1
then all the physical regions except the ones in the list physregs
will be written. The default value for physregs=-1
which is equivalent to considering all the physical regions (the option argument is ignored when physregs=-1
).
>>> mymesh.write("out2.msh", [-1], 1) # all physical regions are written
>>> mymesh.write("out3.msh", [-1], -1) # all physical region will be written, ignores 'option' argument
>>> mymesh.write("out4.msh", [1,2], 1) # physical regions 1 and 2 will be written
>>> mymesh.write("out5.msh", [1,2], -1) # all physical regions except 1 and 2 will be written
parameter
class parameter( **kwargs )
The parameter object can hold different expression objects on different geometric regions.
Examples
A parameter object can be a scalar. The following creates an empty object.
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> E = parameter()
A parameter object can also be a 2D array. The following creates an empty object.
>>> E = parameter(3,3) # a 3x3 parameter matrix
Methods
addvalue
def addvalue( self, physreg: int, input: expression ) ‑> None
allintegrate
def allintegrate( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> float
This is a collective MPI operation and hence must be called by all ranks. This integrates a parameter across all the DDM ranks.
Examples
...
>>> myparameter = parameter()
>>> myparameter.setvalue(vol, 12.0)
>>> integralvalue = myparameter.allintegrate(vol, 4)
>>>
>>> # allintegrate on a mesh deformed by field 'u'
>>> integralvalueondeformedmesh = myparameter.allintegrate(vol, u, 4)
allinterpolate
def allinterpolate( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> List[float]
This is a collective MPI operation and hence must be called by all ranks. Its functionality is as described in parameter.interpolate()
but considers the physical region partitioned across the DDM ranks. The xyz coordinate argument must be the same for all ranks.
Examples
>>> ...
>>> p = parameter(3,1)
>>> p.setvalue(vol, array3x1(x,y,z))
>>> interpolated = p.allinterpolate (vol, {0.5,0.6,0.05});
>>>
>>> # allinterpolate on a mesh deformed by field 'u'
>>> interpolated = p.allinterpolate (vol, u, {0.5,0.6,0.05});
allmax
def allmax( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> List[float]
This is a collective MPI operation and hence must be called by all ranks. It computes the max value across all the DDM ranks. The evaluation of the max value can be restricted to a box or evaluated on a deformed mesh similar to as described in parameter.max()
.
See Also
parameter.max()
, parameter.allmin()
allmin
def allmin( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> List[float]
This is a collective MPI operation and hence must be called by all ranks. It computes the min value across all the DDM ranks. The evaluation of the min value can be restricted to a box or evaluated on a deformed mesh similar to as described in parameter.min()
.
See Also
parameter.min()
, parameter.allmax()
atbarycenter
def atbarycenter( self, physreg: int, onefield: field ) ‑> quanscient.vec
This outputs a vec
object whose structure is based on the field argument onefield
and which contains the parameter evaluated at the barycenter of each reference element of physical region physreg
. The barycenter of the reference element might not be identical to the barycenter of the actual element in the mesh (for curved elements, for general quadrangles, hexahedra and prisms). The evaluation at barycenter is constant on each mesh element.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> x = field("x"); f = field("one")
>>>
>>> # Evaluating the parameter
>>> p = parameter()
>>> p.setvalue(vol, 12*x)
>>> p.write(vol, "parameter.vtk", 1)
>>>
>>>> # Evaluating the same parameter at barycenter
>>> myvec = p.atbarycenter(vol, f)
>>> f.setdata(vol, myvec)
>>> f.write(vol, "barycentervalues.vtk", 1)
countcolumns
def countcolumns( self ) ‑> int
This returns the number of columns in the parameter.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> E = parameter(2,3)
>>> E.countcolumns()
3
countrows
def countrows( self ) ‑> int
This returns the number of rows in the parameter.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> E = parameter(2,3)
>>> E.countrows()
2
integrate
def integrate( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> float
This integrates a parameter over the physical region physreg
. The integration is exact up to the order of polynomials specified in the argument integrationorder
.
Examples
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> myparameter = parameter()
>>> myparameter.setvalue(vol, 12.0)
>>> integralvalue = myparameter.integrate(vol, 4)
>>>
>>> # integrate on a mesh deformed by field 'u'
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> integralvalueondeformedmesh = myparameter.integrate(vol, u, 4)
interpolate
def interpolate( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This interpolates the parameter at a single point whose [x,y,z] coordinate is provided as an argument. The flattened interpolated parameter values are returned if the point was found in the elements of the physical region physreg
. If not found an empty list is returned. A parameter can also be interpolated on a deformed mesh by passing its corresponding field.
Examples
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> x=field("x"); y=field("y"); z=field("z")
>>> xyzcoord = [0.5,0.6,0.05]
>>>
>>> p = parameter(3,1)
>>> p.setvalue(vol, array3x1(x,y,z))
>>> interpolated = p.interpolate(vol, xyzcoord)
>>> interpolated
[0.5, 0.6, 0.05]
>>>
>>> # interpolation on the mesh deformed by field 'u'
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> interpolated = p.interpolate(vol, u, xyzcoord)
max
def max( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> List[float]
This gives the max value of the parameter over the geometric region physreg
. The max value is obtained by splitting all elements refinement
times in each direction. Increasing the refinement will thus lead to a more accurate max value, but at an increased computational cost. The max value is exact when the refinement nodes added to the elements correspond to the position of max. For a first-order nodal shape function interpolation, on a mesh that is not curved, the max is always exact to machine precision.
Examples
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> x = field("x")
>>> p = 2*x
>>> maxdata = p.max(vol, 1)
>>> maxdata[0]
2.0
The search of the max value can be restricted to a box delimited by the last argument whose form is [xboxmin,xboxmax, yboxmin, yboxmin, zboxmax, zboxmin]. The output returned is a list of form [maxvalue, xcoordmax, ycoordmax, zcoordmax] or an empty list if the physical region argument is empty or is not in the box provided. If the argument defining the box is not provided, then the whole geometric region is considered for evaluating the max value.
>>> maxdatainbox = p.max(vol, 5, [-2,0, -2,2, -2,2])
The max value can also be evaluated on the geometry deformed by a field (possibly a curved mesh). The max location and the delimiting box are on the undeformed mesh.
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> maxdataondeformedmesh = p.max(vol, u, 1)
See Also
min
def min( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> List[float]
This gives the min value of the parameter over the geometric region physreg
. The min value is obtained by splitting all elements refinement
times in each direction. Increasing the refinement will thus lead to a more accurate min value, but at an increased computational cost. The min value is exact when the refinement nodes added to the elements correspond to the position of min. For a first-order nodal shape function interpolation, on a mesh that is not curved, the min is always exact to machine precision.
Examples
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> x = field("x")
>>> p = 2*x
>>> mindata = p.min(vol, 1)
>>> mindata[0]
-2.0
The search of the min value can be restricted to a box delimited by the last argument whose form is [xboxmin,xboxmax, yboxmin, yboxmin, zboxmax, zboxmin]. The output returned is a list of the form [maxvalue, xcoordmax, ycoordmax, zcoordmax] or an empty list if the physical region argument is empty or is not in the box provided. If the argument defining the box is not provided, then the whole geometric region is considered for evaluating the min value.
>>> mindatainbox = p.min(vol, 5, [-2,0, -2,2, -2,2])
The min value can also be evaluated on the geometry deformed by a field (possibly a curved mesh). The min location and the delimiting box are on the undeformed mesh.
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> u.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> mindataondeformedmesh = p.min(vol, u, 1)
See Also
print
def print( self ) ‑> None
This prints the information on the parameter to the console.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> E = parameter()
>>> E.setvalue(vol, 150e9)
>>> E.print()
setvalue
def setvalue( self, physreg: int, input: expression, op: str = 'set' ) ‑> None
This sets the parameter ìnput
on the physical region physreg
.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> E = parameter()
>>> E.setvalue(vol, 150e9)
write
def write( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This evaluates a parameter in the physical region physreg
and writes it to the file filename
. The lagrangeorder
is the order of interpolation for the evaluation of the parameter.
Examples
>>> # setup
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> u = field("h1xyz")
>>> v = field("h1", [1,2,3])
>>> u.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>>
>>> # interpolation order for writing a parameter
>>> p = parameter()
>>> p.setvalue(1e8*u)
>>> p.write(vol, "uorder1.vtk", 1) # interpolation order is 1
>>> p.write(vol, "uorder3.vtk", 3) # interpolation order is 3
port
class port( **kwargs )
The port object represents a scalar lumped quantity.
Examples
A port object with an initial zero value is created as:
>>> V = port()
A multi-harmonic port object with an initial zero value can be created by passing a list of harmonic numbers. Refer to the multi-harmonic field constructor for the meaning of the harmonic numbers.
>>> V = port([2,3])
Methods
cos
def cos( self, freqindex: int ) ‑> quanscient.port
This gets a port that is the harmonic at freqindex
times the fundamental frequency in port V.
Example
>>> V = port([1,2,3,4,5])
>>> Vs = V.cos(0)
>>> Vs.getharmonics()
1
See Also
getharmonics
def getharmonics( self ) ‑> List[int]
This returns the list of harmonics of the port object.
Example
>>> V = port([1,2,3])
>>> harms = V.getharmonics()
>>> harms
[1, 2, 3]
getname
def getname( self ) ‑> str
This gets the name of the port object.
Example
>>> V = port()
>>> V.setname("LumpedMass")
>>> V.getname()
'LumpedMass'
See Also
getvalue
def getvalue( self ) ‑> float
This returns the value of the port object.
Example
>>> V = port()
>>> V.setvalue(-1.2)
>>> val = V.getvalue()
>>> val
-1.2
See Also
harmonic
def harmonic( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> quanscient.port
This returns a port that is the harmonic/list of harmonics of the port object.
Example
>>> V = port([1,2,3])
>>> V23 = V.harmonic([2,3])
>>> V23.getharmonics()
[2, 3]
print
def print( self ) ‑> None
This prints the information of the port object.
Example
>>> V = port([2,3]) # create a multi-harmonic port object
>>> V.harmonic(2).setvalue(1) # set the value of 2nd harmonic
>>> V.harmonic(3).setvalue(0.5) # set the value of 3rd harmonic
>>> V.print()
Port harmonic 2 has value 1
Port harmonic 3 has value 0.5
setname
def setname( self, name: str ) ‑> None
This sets the name for the port object.
Example
>>> V = port()
>>> V.setname("LumpedMass")
>>> V.print()
Port LumpedMass has value 0
See Also
setvalue
def setvalue( self, portval: float ) ‑> None
This sets the value of the port object.
Examples
>>> V = port()
>>> V.setvalue(10.0)
>>> V.print()
Port has value 10
To set the value of a multi-harmonic port:
>>> V = port([2,3]) # create a multi-harmonic port object
>>> V.harmonic(2).setvalue(1) # set the value of 2nd harmonic
>>> V.harmonic(3).setvalue(0.5) # set the value of 3rd harmonic
>>> V.print()
Port harmonic 2 has value 1
Port harmonic 3 has value 0.5
See Also
port.harmonic()
, port.getvalue()
sin
def sin( self, freqindex: int ) ‑> quanscient.port
This gets a port that is the harmonic at freqindex
times the fundamental frequency in port V.
Example
>>> V = port([1,2,3,4,5])
>>> Vs = V.sin(2)
>>> Vs.getharmonics()
4
See Also
preconditioner
class preconditioner
shape
class shape( **kwargs )
The shape objects are meshed geometric entities. The mesh created based on shapes can be written in .msh
format at any time for visualization in GMSH. It might be needed to change the color
and visibility
options in the menu Tools > Options > Mesh
of GMSH.
Examples
Depending on the number and type of arguments, different shape objects can be created for different purposes.
- Creates a shape with the coordinates of all nodes provided as input:
- Example 2: for points and lines:
myshape = shape(shapename:str, physreg:int, coords:List[double])
- Example 2: for points and lines:
- Creates a shape based on the coordinates of the corner nodes in the shape
- Example 3: for lines and arcs:
myshape = shape(shapename:str, physreg:int, coords:List[double], nummeshpts:int)
- Example 4: for triangles and quadrangles:
myshape = shape(shapename:str, physreg:int, coords:List[double], nummeshpts:List[int])
- Example 3: for lines and arcs:
- Creates a shape based on sub-shapes provided.
- Example 5: for lines and arcs:
myshape = shape(shapename:str, physreg:int, subshapes:List[shape], nummeshpts:int)
- Example 6: for straight-edged triangles and quadrangles:
myshape = shape(shapename:str, physreg:int, subshapes:List[shape], nummeshpts:List[int])
- Example 7: for curved triangles and quadrangles. Also, union of several shapes:
myshape = shape(shapename:str, physreg:int, subshapes:List[shape])
- Example 5: for lines and arcs:
- Creates a disk shape.
- Example 8:
myshape = shape(shapename:str, physreg:int, centercoords:List[double], radius:double, nummeshpts:int)
- Example 9:
myshape = shape(shapename:str, physreg:int, centerpoint:shape, radius:double, nummeshpts:int)
- Example 8:
Example 1: Creating an empty shape object
>>> myshape = shape()
Example 2: myshape = shape(shapename:str, physreg:int, coords:List[double])
. This can be used to create a line going through a list of nodes whose x,y,z coordinates are provided. A physical region number is also provided to have access to the geometric regions of interest in the finite element simulation.
>>> linephysicalregion = 1
>>> myline = shape("line", linephysicalregion, [0,0,0, 0.5,0.5,0, 1,1,0, 1.5,1,0, 2,1,0])
>>> mymesh = mesh([myline])
>>> mymesh.write("meshed.msh")
If the nodes in the mesh need to be accessed, a point shape object can be created with corresponding nodal coordinates. The nodes can then be accessed through the physical region provided.
>>> pointphysicalregion = 2
>>> point1_coords = [0,0,0]
>>> point2_coords = [2,1,0]
>>> mypoint1 = shape("point", pointphysicalregion, point1_coords)
>>> mypoint2 = shape("point", pointphysicalregion, point2_coords)
>>> # Points 1 and 2 are now available in the `pointphysicalregion=2`.
>>>
>>> p = field("h1")
>>> p.setorder(linephysicalregion, 1)
>>> p.setconstraint(pointphysicalregion, 2) # Dirichlet boundary constraint will be applied on points 1 and 2
Example 3: myshape = shape(shapename:str, physreg:int, coords:List[double], nummeshpts:int)
This can be used to create: a straight line between the first (x1,y1,z1) and last point (x2,y2,z2) provided. a circular arc between the first (x1,y1,z1) and second point (x2,y2,z2) whose center is the third point (x3,y3,z3). The nummeshpts
argument corresponds to the number of nodes in the meshed shape. At least two nodes are expected.
>>> linephysicalregion=1; arcphysicalregion=1
>>> myline = shape("line", linephysicalregion, [0,0,0, 1,-1,1], 10) # creates a line mesh with 10 nodes
>>> myarc = shape("arc", arcphysicalregion, [1,0,0, 0,1,0, 0,0,0], 8) # creates an arc mesh with 8 nodes
>>> mymesh = mesh([myline, myarc])
>>> mymesh.write("meshed.msh")
Example 4: myshape = shape(shapename:str, physreg:int, coords:List[double], nummeshpts:List[int])
This can be used to create: a straight-edge quadrangle with a full quadrangle structured mesh. a straight-edge triangle with s structured mesh made of triangles along the edge linking the second and third node and quadrangles everywhere else.
>>> quadranglephysicalregion=1; trianglephysicalregion=2
>>> myquadrangle = shape("quadrangle", quadranglephysicalregion, [0,0,0, 1,0,0, 1,1,0, -0.5,1,0], [12,10,12,10])
>>> mytriangle = shape("triangle", trianglephysicalregion, [1,0,0, 2,0,0, 1,1,0], [10,10,10])
>>> mymesh = mesh([myquadrangle, mytriangle])
>>> mymesh.write("meshed.msh")
The <code>coords</code> argument provides the <code>x,y,z</code>coordinates of the corner nodes. E.g. (0,0,0), (1,0,0), (1,1,0) and (-0.5,1,0) for the quadrangle.
The <code>nummeshpts</code> argument specifies the number of nodes to mesh each of the contour lines. At least two nodes are expected for each contour line.
All contour lines must have the same number of nodes for the triangle shape while for the quadrangle shape the contour lines facing each other
must have the same number of nodes.
Example 5: myshape = shape(shapename:str, physreg:int, subshapes:List[shape], nummeshpts:int)
This can be used to create the following shapes from the list of subshapes provided: a straight line between the first (x1,y1,z1) and last point (x2,y2,z2) provided. a circle arc between the first (x1,y1,z1) and second point (x2,y2,z2) whose center is the third point. The nummeshpts
argument corresponds to the number of nodes in the meshed shape.
>>> # Point subshapes
>>> point1 = shape("point", -1, [0,0,0])
>>> point2 = shape("point", -1, [1,0,0])
>>> point3 = shape("point", -1, [0,1,0])
>>> point4 = shape("point", -1, [1,-1,1])
>>>>
>>> # Creating line and arc shapes from point subshapes
>>> linephysicalregion=1; arcphysicalregion=2
>>> myline = shape("line", linephysicalregion, [point1, point4], 10)
>>> myarc = shape("arc", arcphysicalregion, [point2, point3, point1], 8)
>>> mymesh = mesh([myline, myarc])
>>> mymesh.write("meshed.msh")
Example 6: myshape = shape(shapename:str, physreg:int, subshapes:List[shape], nummeshpts:List[int])
This can be used to create the following shapes from the list of subshpaes provided: a straight-edge quadrangle with a full quadrangle structured mesh a straight-edge triangle with a structured mesh made of triangles along the edge linking the second and third nodes and quadrangles everywhere. The subshapes
argument provides the list of corner point shapes. The nummeshpts
argument gives the number of nodes to mesh each of the contour lines. At least two nodes are expected for each contour line. All contour lines must have the same number of nodes for the triangle shape while for the quadrangle shape the contour lines facing each other must have the same number of nodes.
>>> # Point subshapes
>>> point1 = shape("point", -1, [0,0,0])
>>> point2 = shape("point", -1, [1,0,0])
>>> point3 = shape("point", -1, [1,1,0])
>>> point4 = shape("point", -1, [0,1,0])
>>> point5 = shape("point", -1, [2,0,0])
>>>
>>> # Creating triangle and quadrangle shape from subshapes of corner points
>>> quadranglephysicalregion=1; trianglephysicalregion=2
>>> myquadrangle = shape("quadrangle", quadranglephysicalregion, [point1, point2, point3, point4], [6,8,6,8])
>>> mytriangle = shape("triangle", trianglephysicalregion, [point2, point5, point3], [8,8,8])
>>> mymesh = mesh([myquadrangle, mytriangle])
>>> mymesh.write("meshed.msh")
Example 7: myshape = shape(shapename:str, physreg:int, subshapes:List[shape])
This can be used to create: a curved quadrangle with full quadrangle structured mesh. a curved triangle with structured mesh made of triangles along the edge linking the second and third nodes and quadrangles everywhere. a shape that is the union of several shapes of the same dimension. The subshapes
argument provides the contour shapes (clockwise or anti-clockwise). All contour lines must have the same number of nodes for the triangle shape while for quadrangle shape the contour lines facing each other must have the same number of nodes.
>>> # Creating subshapes
>>> line1 = shape("line", -1, [-1,-1,0, 1,-1,0], 10)
>>> arc2 = shape("arc", -1, [1,-1,0, 1,1,0, 0,0,0], 12)
>>> line3 = shape("line", -1, [1,1,0, -1,1,0], 10)
>>> line4 = shape("line", -1, [-1,1,0, -1,-1,0], 12)
>>> line5 = shape("line", -1, [1,-1,0, 3,-1,0], 12)
>>> arc6 = shape("arc", -1, [3,-1,0, 1,1,0, 1.6,-0.4,0], 12)
>>>
>>> quadranglephysicalregion=1; trianglephysicalregion=2; unionphysicalregion=3
>>> myquadrangle = shape("quadrangle", quadranglephysicalregion, [line1, arc2, line3, line4])
>>> mytriangle = shape("triangle", trianglephysicalregion,[line5, arc6, arc2])
>>> myunion = shape("union", unionphysicalregion, [line1, arc2, line3, line4])
>>>
>>> mymesh = mesh([myquadrangle, mytriangle, myunion])
>>> mymesh.write("meshed.msh")
Example 8: myshape = shape(shapename:str, physreg:int, centercoords:List[double], radius:double, nummeshpts:int)
This is used to create a 2D disk with structured mesh centered around centercoords
. The nummeshpts
argument corresponds to the number of nodes in the contour circle of the disk. Since the disk has a structured mesh, the number of mesh nodes must be a multiple of 4. The radius
argument provides the radius of the disk.
>>> diskphysicalregion=1
>>> mydisk = shape("disk", diskphysicalregion, [1,0,0], 2, 40)
>>> mymesh = mesh([mydisk])
>>> mymesh.write("meshed.msh")
Example 9: myshape = shape(shapename:str, physreg:int, centerpoint:shape, radius:double, nummeshpts:int)
This is used to create a 2D disk with structured mesh centered around point shape centerpoint
. The nummeshpts
argument corresponds to the number of nodes in the contour circle of the disk. Since the disk has a structured mesh, the number of mesh nodes must be a multiple of 4. The radius
argument provides the radius of the disk.
>>> diskphysicalregion=1
>>> centerpoint = shape("point", -1, [1,0,0])
>>> mydisk = shape("disk", diskphysicalregion, centerpoint, 2, 40)
>>> mymesh = mesh([mydisk])
>>> mymesh.write("meshed.msh")
See Also
Methods
duplicate
def duplicate( self ) ‑> quanscient.shape
This outputs a shape that is a duplicate of the initial shape. All the subshapes are duplicated recursively as well but the object equality relations between subshapes are identical between a shape and its duplicate.
Example
>>> myquadrangle = shape("quadrangle", 1, [-1,-1,0, 1,-1,0, 1,1,0, -1,1,0], [6,8,6,8])
>>> otherquadrangle = myquadrangle.duplicate()
See Also
shape.move()
, shape.shift()
, shape.scale()
, shape.rotate()
extrude
def extrude( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> quanscient.shape
A given shape is extruded in the requested direction (z by default) to form a higher dimensional shape. The extrude function works for 0D, 1D and 2D shapes.
Parameters
physreg
: int
: Physical region to which the extruded shape is set.
height
: double
: Height of extrusion in the requested direction.
numlayers
: int
: Value specifying the number of node layers the extruded mesh should contain.
extrudedirection
: List[int]
: Unit vector specifying the direction of extrusion.
Examples
Example 1: myshape = shape.extrude(physreg:int, height:double, numlayers:int, extrudedirection:List[double])
>>> myquadrangle = shape("quadrangle", 1, [-1,-1,0, 1,-1,0, 1,1,0, -1,1,0], [2,2,2,2])
>>> volumephysicalregion = 100
>>> myvolume = myquadrangle.extrude(volumephysicalregion, 1.4, 6, [0,0,1])
>>> mymesh = mesh([myvolume])
>>> mymesh.write("meshed.msh")
Example 2: myshape = shape.extrude(physreg:List[int], height:List[double], numlayers:[int], extrudedirection:List[double])
. This extends the extrude
function to multiblock extrusion.
>>> mytriangle = shape("triangle", 1, [0,0,0, 1,0,0, 0,1,0], [6,6,6])
>>>
>>> '''
>>> Creating multiblock extrusion:
>>> ---------|----------|----------|-----------
>>> block | physreg | height | numlayers
>>> ---------|----------|----------|-----------
>>> Block 1: | 11 | 0.5 | 3
>>> Block 2: | 12 | 0.3 | 5
>>> ---------|----------|----------|-----------
>>> In block 1, the initial shape is extruded to a height of 0.5 and contains 3 node layers and the extruded shape is set to physical region 11.
>>> In block 2, the initial shape is extruded to a height of 0.3 (starting from height 0.5) and contains 5 node layers and the extruded shape is set to physical region 12.
>>> '''
>>> myvolumes = mytriangle.extrude([11,12], [0.5,0.3], [3,5], [0,0,1]) # creates two extruded shapes
>>> mymesh = mesh(myvolumes)
>>> mymesh.write("meshed.msh")
getcoords
def getcoords( self ) ‑> List[float]
This returns the coordinates of all nodes in the shape mesh.
Examples
>>> myquadrangle = shape("quadrangle", 555, [0,0,0, 1,0,0, 1,1,0, 0,1,0], [2,2,2,2])
>>> myquadrangle.getcoords()
[0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0]
getcurvatureorder
def getcurvatureorder( self ) ‑> int
This returns the curvature order of a given shape.
Example
>>> q = shape("quadrangle", 1, [0,0,0, 1,0,0, 1,1,0, 0,1,0], [2,2,2,2])
>>> q.getcurvatureorder()
1
getdimension
def getdimension( self ) ‑> int
This gives the shape dimension (0D, 1D, 2D or 3D).
Examples
>>> mypoint = shape("point", 111, [0,0,0])
>>> mypoint.getdimension()
0
>>>
>>> myline = shape("line", 222, [0,0,0, 0.5,0.5,0, 1,1,0, 1.5,1,0, 2,1,0])
>>> myline.getdimension()
1
>>>
>>> myarc = shape("arc", 333, [1,0,0, 0,1,0, 0,0,0], 8)
>>> myarc.getdimension()
1
>>>
>>> mytriangle = shape("triangle", 444, [1,0,0, 2,0,0, 1,1,0], [10,10,10])
>>> mytriangle.getdimension()
2
>>>
>>> myquadrangle = shape("quadrangle", 555, [0,0,0, 1,0,0, 1,1,0, 0,1,0], [6,8,6,8])
>>> myquadrangle.getdimension()
2
>>>
>>> mylines = myquadrangle.getsons()
>>> mylines[0].getdimension()
1
getname
def getname( self ) ‑> str
This returns the name of the shape.
Examples
>>> mypoint = shape("point", 111, [0,0,0])
>>> mypoint.getname()
'point'
>>>
>>> myline = shape("line", 222, [0,0,0, 0.5,0.5,0, 1,1,0, 1.5,1,0, 2,1,0])
>>> myline.getname()
'line'
>>>
>>> myarc = shape("arc", 333, [1,0,0, 0,1,0, 0,0,0], 8)
>>> myarc.getname()
'arc'
>>>
>>> mytriangle = shape("triangle", 444, [1,0,0, 2,0,0, 1,1,0], [10,10,10])
>>> mytriangle.getname()
'triangle'
>>>
>>> myquadrangle = shape("quadrangle", 555, [0,0,0, 1,0,0, 1,1,0, 0,1,0], [6,8,6,8])
>>> myquadrangle.getname()
'quadrangle'
>>>
>>> mylines = myquadrangle.getsons()
>>> mylines[0].getname()
'line'
getphysicalregion
def getphysicalregion( self ) ‑> int
This gives the physical region number for a given shape. The physical region is used in the finite element simulation to identify a region.
Returns
int:
: Returns -1 if the physical region was not set, else a corresponding positive integer.
Examples
>>> myquadrangle = shape("quadrangle", 111, [0,0,0, 1,0,0, 1,1,0, 0,1,0], [6,8,6,8])
>>> mylines = myquadrangle.getsons()
>>>
>>> myline1 = mylines[0]
>>> myline1.setphysicalregion(2)
>>> myline1.getphysicalregion()
2
>>>
>>> myline2 = mylines[1]
>>> myline1.getphysicalregion()
-1
See Also
shape.setphysicalregion()
, shape.getsons()
getsons
def getsons( self ) ‑> List[quanscient.shape]
This returns a list containing the direct subshapes of the shape object. For a quadrangle, its 4 contour lines are returned. For a triangle, its 3 contour lines are returned.
Example
>>> myquadrangle = shape("quadrangle", 111, [0,0,0, 1,0,0, 1,1,0, 0,1,0], [6,8,6,8])
>>> mylines = myquadrangle.getsons()
>>> for myline in mylines:
... myline.setphysicalregion(2)
...
>>> mymesh = mesh(mylines)
>>> mymesh.write("meshed.msh")
move
def move( self, u: expression ) ‑> None
This moves the shape (and all its subshapes recursively) in the x,y and z direction by a value provided in the 3x1 expression array. When moving multiple shapes that share common subshapes, ensure that subshapes are not moved multiple times.
Parameter
u: expression
3x1 array expression that specifies the values by which shape is moved in x,y,z direction
Example
>>> x=field("x"); y=field("y"); z=field("z")
>>> myquadrangle = shape("quadrangle", 1, [-1,-1,0, 1,-1,0, 1,1,0, -1,1,0], [12,16,12,16])
>>> myquadrangle.move(array3x1(0,x,sin(x*y)))
>>> mymesh = mesh([myquadrangle])
>>> mymesh.write("meshed.msh")
See Also
shape.shift()
, shape.scale()
, shape.rotate()
, shape.duplicate()
rotate
def rotate( self, alphax: float, alphay: float, alphaz: float ) ‑> None
This rotates the shape (and all its subshapes recursively) first by alphax
degrees around the x-axis, then alphay
degrees around the y-axis and finally alphaz
degrees around the z-axis. When rotating multiple shapes that share common subshapes make sure that subshapes are not rotated multiple times.
Parameters
alphax
: double
: Degrees by which the shape is rotated around the x-axis.
alphay
: double
: Degrees by which the shape is rotated around the y-axis.
alphaz
: double
: Degrees by which the shape is rotated around the z-axis.
Example
>>> myquadrangle = shape("quadrangle", 1, [-1,-1,0, 1,-1,0, 1,1,0, -1,1,0], [6,8,6,8])
>>> myquadrangle.rotate(0,0,45)
>>> mymesh = mesh([myquadrangle])
>>> mymesh.write("meshed.msh")
See Also
shape.move()
, shape.shift()
, shape.scale()
, shape.duplicate()
scale
def scale( self, scalex: float, scaley: float, scalez: float ) ‑> None
This scales the shape (and all its subspaces recursively) in the x,y and z directions by a given factor. A factor of 1 keeps the shape unchanged. When scaling multiple shapes that share common subshapes make sure the subshapes are not scaled multiple times.
Parameters
scalex
: double
: Value by which the shape is scaled in x-direction.
scaley
: double
: Value by which the shape is scaled in y-direction.
scalez
: double
: Value by which the shape is scaled in z-direction.
Example
>>> myquadrangle = shape("quadrangle", 1, [-1,-1,0, 1,-1,0, 1,1,0, -1,1,0], [6,8,6,8])
>>> myquadrangle.scale(2,0.5,2)
>>> mymesh = mesh([myquadrangle])
>>> mymesh.write("meshed.msh")
See Also
shape.move()
, shape.shift()
, shape.rotate()
, shape.duplicate()
setphysicalregion
def setphysicalregion( self, physreg: int ) ‑> None
This sets the physical region number for a given shape. Subshapes are not affected. The physical region is used in the finite element simulation to identify a region.
Parameters
physreg
: int
: An integer identifying the physical region.
Example
>>> quadphysicalregion=1; linephysicalregion=2
>>> myquadrangle = shape("quadrangle", quadphysicalregion, [0,0,0, 1,0,0, 1,1,0, 0,1,0], [6,8,6,8])
>>> myline = myquadrangle.getsons()[0] # the shape 'myline' is not associated with any physical region yet.
>>> myline.setphysicalregion(linephysicalregion)
>>> mymesh = mesh([myquadrangle, myline])
>>> mymesh.write("meshed.msh")
See Also
shape.getphysicalregion()
, shape.getsons()
shift
def shift( self, shiftx: float, shifty: float, shiftz: float ) ‑> None
This shifts the shape (and all its subshapes recursively) in the x,y, and z directions by a double value. When shifting multiple shapes that share common subshapes make sure the subspaces are not shifted multiple times.
Parameters
shiftx
: double
: Value by which the shape is moved in the x-direction.
shifty
: double
: Value by which the shape is moved in the y-direction.
shiftz
: double
: Value by which the shape is moved in the z-direction.
Example
>>> myquadrangle = shape("quadrangle", 1, [-1,-1,0, 1,-1,0, 1,1,0, -1,1,0], [6,8,6,8])
>>> myquadrangle.shift(1,1,2)
>>> mymesh = mesh([myquadrangle])
>>> mymesh.write("meshed.msh")
See Also
shape.move()
, shape.scale()
, shape.rotate()
, shape.duplicate()
spanningtree
class spanningtree( physregs: List[int] )
The spanningtree object holds a spanning tree whose edges go through all nodes in the mesh without forming a loop. The tree growth starts on the physical regions provided as an argument.
Parameters
physregs
: List[int]
: List of physical regions where the spanning tree is first fully grown before being extended everywhere.
Example
A spanning tree object is created by passing the physical regions 'sur' and 'top'. Hence, here the tree is first fully grown on face regions 'sur' and 'top' before extending everywhere.
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3; # physical regions
>>> spantree = spannintree([sur, top])
Methods
countedgesintree
def countedgesintree( self ) ‑> int
This returns the number of edges in the spanning tree.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3; # physical regions
>>> spantree = spannintree([sur, top])
>>> spantree.countedgesintree()
1859
write
def write( self, filename: str ) ‑> None
This writes the tree into a file for visualization.
Parameters
filename
: str
: Name of the file to which the data samples are written.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2; top=3; # physical regions
>>> spantree = spannintree([sur, top])
>>> spantree.write("spantree.vtk")
spline
class spline( **kwargs )
The spline object allows interpolation in a discrete data set using cubic (natural) splines.
Raises
RuntimeError
: If a mesh object is not available before creating a spline
object.
Notes
Before creating a spline
object, ensure that a mesh object is available. If a mesh object is not already available, create an empty mesh object.
Examples
Say the data samples are in a text file, with each data separated by "," as shown below:
>>> 273,5e9,300,4e9,320,2.5e9,340,1e9
A spline object can then be created by reading the x-y data contained in the text file.
>>> mymesh = mesh() # if a mesh object is not already available.
>>> spl1 = spline(filename="measured.txt", delimiter="\n")
The x-y data samples can also be provided in two separate lists or tuples. In that case, a spline object is created as follows:
>>> mymesh = mesh() # if a mesh object is not already available.
>>> temperature = (273, 300, 320, 340)
>>> youngsmodulus = (5e9, 4e9, 2.5e9, 1e9)
>>> spl2 = spline(xin=temperature, yin=youngsmodulus)
Notes
The ordering of the samples provided does not matter. Internally they are always sorted in the ascending order of data.
Methods
evalat
def evalat( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> float
Interpolates at given point(s) that falls within the original data range provided.
Parameters
input
: double
or List[double]
or Tuple(double)
: An point or a list/tuple of points for interpolation.
Returns
double
: an interpolated scalar value if the input was a scalar.
List[double]
: a list of interpolated values if the input was a list/tuple.
Raises
RuntimeError
: If at least one of the inputs for interpolation is outside the range of the original data samples provided.
Examples
>>> mymesh = mesh() # if a mesh object is not already available.
>>>
>>> temperature = (320, 273, 340, 300) # original x input
>>> youngsmodulus = (2.5e9, 5e9, 1e9, 4e9) # original y input
>>> spl = spline(temperature, youngsmodulus)
Example 1:
>>> spl.evalat(303)
4199390995.630462
Example 2:
>>> spl.evalat([298,304,275])
[3912277862.548358, 4278701622.971286, 4835693423.344276]
Example 3:
>>> spl.evalat(250)
RuntimeError: Error in 'spline' object: data requested in the interval (250,250) is out of the provided data range (273,340)
Example 4:
>>> spl.evalat([290, 310, 400])
RuntimeError: Error in 'spline' object: data requested in the interval (290,400) is out of the provided data range (273,340)
getderivative
def getderivative( self ) ‑> quanscient.spline
This returns the derivative of the spline.
The spline polynomial and its derivative :
Returns
spline
: spline object that holds the data samples corresponding to the derivative of the spline.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh() # if a mesh object is not already available.
>>>
>>> temperature = (273, 300, 320, 340)
>>> youngsmodulus = (5e9, 4e9, 2.5e9, 1e9)
>>>
>>> spl = spline(temperature, youngsmodulus)
>>> spl.write("spline_data.txt", 0, ",")
273,5000000000,300,4000000000,320,5000000000,340,1000000000
>>>
>>> dspl = spl.getderivative()
>>> dspl.write("splinederivative_data.txt", 0, ",")
273,-82402205.576362908,300,53693300.041614674,320,-58198085.726175644,340,-270900957.13691229
getxmax
def getxmax( self ) ‑> float
This returns the maximum value that input takes in the original data provided.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh() # if a mesh object is not already available.
>>>
>>> temperature = (320, 273, 340, 300) # original x input
>>> youngsmodulus = (2.5e9, 5e9, 1e9, 4e9) # original y input
>>> spl = spline(temperature, youngsmodulus)
>>> spl.getxmax()
340
See Also
getxmin
def getxmin( self ) ‑> float
This returns the minimum value that input takes in the original data provided.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh() # if a mesh object is not already available.
>>>
>>> temperature = (320, 273, 340, 300) # original x input
>>> youngsmodulus = (2.5e9, 5e9, 1e9, 4e9) # original y input
>>> spl = spline(temperature, youngsmodulus)
>>> spl.getxmin()
273
See Also
set
def set( self, xin: List[float], yin: List[float] ) ‑> None
write
def write( self, filename: str, numsplits: int, delimiter: str = '\n' ) ‑> None
This writes to file a refined version of the original data samples with data sorted in ascending order. It can be used to visualize the interpolation obtained with cubic splines.
Parameters
filename
: str
: Name of the file to which the data samples are written.
numsplits
: int
: The number of additional points between two successive input considered for evaluation and subsequent writing. Minimum value required is .
delimiter
: str
, optional : String specifying the delimiter. The default value is "\n".
Raises
RuntimeError
: If numsplits < 0
. Minimum value required is .
Examples
Create a spline object:
>>> mymesh = mesh() # if a mesh object is not already available.
>>>
>>> temperature = (320, 273, 340, 300) # original x input
>>> youngsmodulus = (2.5e9, 5e9, 1e9, 4e9) # original y input
>>> spl = spline(temperature, youngsmodulus)
Example 1: If numsplits = 0
, no additional points are considered and the original data samples are written.
>>> numsplits = 0
>>> spl.write("spline_data.txt", numsplits, ",")
273,5000000000,300,4000000000,320,5000000000,340,1000000000
Example 2: If numsplits = 1
, between two successive inputs, one additional point is considered for evaluation and subsequent writing.
>>> numsplits = 1
>>> spl.write("spline_data.txt", numsplits, "\n")
273
5000000000
286.5
4040677668.5393257
300
4000000000
310
4779728464.4194756
320
5000000000
330
3531757178.5268416
340
1000000000
Similarly, if numsplits = 2
, between two successive inputs, two additional points are considered for evaluation and subsequent writing.
universe
class universe
Class variables
cohomologycuts
ddmcoefs
Type: list
extraintegrationorder
gmresmodifiedgramschmidt
maxnumthreads
mortarsearchmiss
mortarsearchradius
roundoffnoiselevel
writeownedonly
writetobinary
Static methods
getmaxnumthreads
def getmaxnumthreads() ‑> int
setmaxnumthreads
def setmaxnumthreads( mnt: int ) ‑> None
vec
class vec( **kwargs )
The vec
object holds a vector, be it the solution vector of an algebraic problem or its right-hand side.
Examples
Example 1: vec(formul:formulation)
This creates an all-zero vector whose structure and size is the one of formulation projection.
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>>
>>> b = vec(projection)
Example 2: vec(vecsize:int, addresses:indexmat, vals:densemat)
This creates a vector with given values at given addresses.
>>> allinitialize()
>>> addresses = indexmat(3,1, [0,1,2])
>>> vals = densemat(3,1, [5,10,20])
>>>
>>> b = vec(3, addresses, vals)
>>> b.print()
Vec Object: 1 MPI processes type: seq 5. 10. 20.
>>> allfinalize()
Methods
copy
def copy( self ) ‑> quanscient.vec
This creates a full copy of the vector object.
Examples
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>> sol = vec(projection)
>>>
>>> copiedvec = sol.copy()
getallvalues
def getallvalues( self ) ‑> quanscient.densemat
This gets the values of all the entries of the vector in sequential order.
Returns
densemat
: A column matrix with the number of rows equal to the vector object size.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2 >>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>>
>>> myvec = vec(projection) # creates a zero vector
>>>
>>> vals = densemat(myvec.size(),1, 12)
>>> myvec.setallvalues(vals) # all the entries now contain a value of 12
>>>
>>> vecvals = myvec.getallvalues()
See Also
vec.setvalues()
, vec.setallvalues()
, vec.setvalue()
, vec.getvalues()
, vec.getvalue()
getvalue
def getvalue( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> float
This gets the value of the vector object at the given address
. The address
provides the index at which the entry is requested.
Parameters
address
: int
: Index at which the entry of a vector is requested.
Returns
densemat
: A matrix of size .
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2 >>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>>
>>> myvec = vec(projection) # creates a zero vector
>>>
>>> vals = densemat(myvec.size(),1, 12)
>>> myvec.setallvalues(vals) # all the entries now contain a value of 12
>>>
>>> vecvals = myvec.getvalue(2)
See Also
vec.setvalues()
, vec.setallvalues()
, vec.setvalue()
, vec.getvalues()
, vec.getallvalues()
getvalues
def getvalues( self, addresses: indexmat ) ‑> quanscient.densemat
This gets the values in the vector that are at the indices given in addresses
.
Parameters
addresses
: indexmat
: A column matrix storing the indices at which the entries of a vector are requested.
Returns
densemat
: A column matrix with number of rows equal to the length of the addresses
.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2 >>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>>
>>> myvec = vec(projection) # creates a zero vector
>>>
>>> vals = densemat(myvec.size(),1, 12)
>>> myvec.setallvalues(vals) # all the entries now contain a value of 12
>>>
>>> addresses = indexmat(myvec.size(),1, 0,1)
>>> vecvals = myvec.getvalues(addresses)
See Also
vec.setvalues()
, vec.setallvalues()
, vec.setvalue()
, vec.getallvalues()
, vec.getvalue()
load
def load( self, filename: str ) ‑> None
This loads the data of a vector object from a file (either .bin
or .txt
ASCII format). This only works correctly if the dof structure of the calling vector object is the same as that of the vector object from which the file was written to the disk. In other words, the same set of formulation contributions must be defined in the same order.
Examples
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>> sol = vec(projection)
>>> sol.write("vecdata.bin") # writes the vector data to a file
>>>
>>> loadedvec = vec(projection)
>>> loadedvec.load("vecdata.bin") # loads the data to the vector object
See Also
noautomaticupdate
def noautomaticupdate( self ) ‑> None
After this call, the vector object will not have its value automatically updated after hp-adaptivity. If the automatic update is not needed then this call is recommended to avoid a possibly costly update to the vector values.
Examples
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>> sol = vec(projection)
>>>
>>> sol.noautomaticupdate()
norm
def norm( self, type: str = '2' ) ‑> float
This returns the , or norm of the vector. The default is the norm.
Examples
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>> sol = vec(projection)
>>>
>>> vals = densemat(sol.size(),1, 12)
>>> sol.setallvalues(vals) # all the entries now contain a value of 12
>>>
>>> sol.norm()
108.6646
See Also
permute
def permute( self, rowpermute: indexmat, invertit: bool = False ) ‑> None
This rearranges the vector in the order of indices prescribed in rowpermute
. The inverse permutation is performed if the boolean flag invertit
is set to True. The rowpermute
describes the mapping or inverse mapping function.
Parameters
rowpermute
: indexmat
: A column matrix storing the order of vector indices for the permutation.
invertit
: bool
, default: False
: If set to True, inverse permutation is performed.
Example
>>> rows = indexmat(6,1, [0,1,2,3,4,5])
>>> vals = densemat(6,1, [00,10,20,30,40,50])
>>>
>>> v = vec(6, rows, vals)
>>> permuterows = indexmat(6,1, [3,1,4,5,0,2])
>>> v.permute(permuterows, invertit=False)
>>> v.print()
Vec Object: 1 MPI processes
type: seq
30.
10.
40.
50.
0.
20.
>>>
>>> # Inverting the permutation on the above will give back the original order of the vector.
>>> v = vec(6, rows, vals)
>>> permuterows = indexmat(6,1, [3,1,4,5,0,2])
>>> v.permute(permuterows, invertit=True)
>>> v.print()
Vec Object: 1 MPI processes
type: seq
0.
10.
20.
30.
40.
50.
print
def print( self ) ‑> None
This prints the values of the vector object.
Examples
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>> sol = vec(projection)
>>>
>>> sol.print()
setallvalues
def setallvalues( self, valsmat: densemat, op: str = 'set' ) ‑> None
This replaces all the entries in the vector object by the values in valsmat
. The addresses of valsmat
are assumed to be in sequential order. If op='set'
, the values are replaced and if op='add'
the values are instead added to existing ones. This method works on all the entries.
Parameters
valsmat
: densemat
: A column matrix storing the values that are replaced in or added to the vector object.
op
: str
, default: 'set'
: Equal to 'set' if the values must be replaced. For adding values to existing ones use 'add' instead.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2 >>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>>
>>> myvec = vec(projection) # creates a zero vector
>>>
>>> vals = densemat(myvec.size(),1, 12)
>>> myvec.setallvalues(vals)
See Also
vec.setvalues()
, vec.setvalue()
, vec.getvalues()
, vec.getallvalues()
, vec.getvalue()
setdata
def setdata( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This sets to the vector the data from the fields and ports defined in the formulation.
Examples
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>> sol = vec(projection) # creates a zero vector
This transfers the data of a field <code>myfield</code> to the addresses in the vector object corresponding to the physical region <code>physreg</code>.
>>> sol.setdata(vol, v); # populates the vector with the data from the field v
Example 2: vec.setdata()
This transfers to the vector the data from all fields and ports defined in the associated formulation.
>>> ...
>>> sol.setdata();
setvalue
def setvalue( *args, **kwargs ) ‑> None
This replaces the value in the vector object at the given address
with the values in value
. The 'address' provides the index at which the entry is replaced by value
. If op='set'
, the value is replaced and if op='add'
the value is added to the existing one. This method works only on a given single entry.
Parameters
address
: int
: Index at which the entry of a vector is replaced/added.
value
: double
: Value that is set/added in the vector object.
op
: str
, default: 'set'
: Equal to 'set' if the value must be replaced. For adding values to existing ones use 'add' instead.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2 >>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>>
>>> myvec = vec(projection) # creates a zero vector
>>>
>>> myvec.setvalue(2, 2.32)
See Also
vec.setallvalues()
, vec.setallvalues()
, vec.getvalues()
, vec.getallvalues()
, vec.getvalue()
setvalues
def setvalues( self, addresses: indexmat, valsmat: densemat, op: str = 'set' ) ‑> None
This replaces the values in the vector object at the given addresses
with the values in valsmat
. If op='set'
, the values are replaced and if op='add'
the values are instead added to existing ones. This method works only on entries given in the addresses
.
Parameters
addresses
: indexmat
: A column matrix storing the indices at which the entries of a vector are replaced/added.
valsmat
: densemat
: A column matrix storing the values that are replaced in or added to the vector object.
op
: str
, default: 'set'
: Equal to 'set' if the values must be replaced. For adding values to existing ones use 'add' instead.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2 >>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>>
>>> myvec = vec(projection) # creates a zero vector
>>>
>>> addresses = indexmat(myvec.size(),1, 0,1)
>>> vals = densemat(myvec.size(),1, 12)
>>>
>>> myvec.setvalues(addresses, vals) # op is the default 'set'. All entries are replaced by value 12.
>>> myvec.setvalues(addresses, vals, 'set') # All entries are replaced by value 12.
>>> myvec.setvalues(addresses, vals, 'add') # Value 12 is added to all entries.
See Also
vec.setallvalues()
, vec.setvalue()
, vec.getvalues()
, vec.getallvalues()
, vec.getvalue()
size
def size( self ) ‑> int
This returns the size of the vector object. If the vector was instantiated from a formulation, then the vector size is equal to the number of dofs in that formulation.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>>
>>> b = vec(projection)
>>> b.size()
82
sum
def sum( self ) ‑> float
This returns the sum of all the values in the vector.
Examples
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>> sol = vec(projection)
>>>
>>> vals = densemat(sol.size(),1, 12)
>>> sol.setallvalues(vals) # all the entries now contain a value of 12
>>>
>>> sol.sum()
984.0
See Also
updateconstraints
def updateconstraints( self ) ‑> None
This updates the values of all Dirichlet constraint entries in the vector.
Example
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol=1; sur=2
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>>
>>> b = vec(projection)
>>>
>>> v.setconstraint(sur, 1)
>>> b.updateconstraints()
write
def write( self, filename: str ) ‑> None
This writes all the data in the vector object to disk in a lossless and compact form. The file can be written in binary .bin
format (extremely compact but less portable) or in ASCII .txt
format (portable).
Parameters
filename
: str
: The name of the file to which the data from the vector object is written.
Examples
>>> mymesh = mesh("disk.msh")
>>> vol = 1
>>> v = field("h1")
>>> v.setorder(vol, 1)
>>> projection = formulation()
>>> projection += integral(vol, dof(v)*tf(v) - 2*tf(v))
>>> sol = vec(projection)
>>>
>>> sol.write("vecdata.txt") # writes the vector data to a file
See Also
vectorfieldselect
class vectorfieldselect
Methods
setdata
def setdata( self, physreg: int, myfield: field, op: str = 'set' ) ‑> None
wallclock
class wallclock
This initializes the wall clock object.
Methods
pause
def pause( self ) ‑> None
This pauses the clock. The wallclock.pause()
and wallclock.resume()
functions allow to time selected operations in loop.
Example
>>> myclock = wallclock()
>>> myclock.pause()
>>> # Do something
>>> myclock.resume()
>>> myclock.print()
See Also
print
def print( self, toprint: str = '' ) ‑> None
This prints the time elapsed in the most appropriate format (, , or ). It also prints the message passed in the argument toprint
(if any).
Parameters
toprint
: str
, optional : message to print. The default value is an empty string "".
Example
>>> myclock = wallclock()
>>> myclock.print("Time elapsed") # or myclock.print()
resume
def resume( self ) ‑> None
This resumes the clock. The wallclock.pause()
and wallclock.resume()
functions allow to time selected operations in loop.
Example
>>> myclock = wallclock()
>>> myclock.pause()
>>>
>>> for i in range (0, 10):
>>> myclock.resume()
>>> # Do something and time it
>>> myclock.pause()
>>> # Do something else
>>> myclock.print()
See Also
tic
def tic( self ) ‑> None
This resets the clock.
Example
>>> myclock = wallclock()
>>> myclock.tic()
See Also
toc
def toc( self ) ‑> float
This returns the time elapsed (in ).
Example
>>> myclock = wallclock()
>>> timeelapsed = myclock.toc()
See Also
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